【正文】 he United States 分句2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them 分句3. who made a profession of writing about railroading 分句4. works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and lootive cabs． 1是主句 2和3是嵌套 2作為1中a few individuals 的同位語，對(duì)它進(jìn)一步解釋說明 29．On the other hand，when it es to substantiveparticularly behavioralinformation，crows are less well known than many parably mon species and，for that matter，not a few quite unmon ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example． (特殊結(jié)構(gòu)for that matter) 另一方面，當(dāng)涉及實(shí)質(zhì)性的，特別是行為方面的信息時(shí)，烏鴉就不如許多比較而言很普通的鳥類那樣為人所知；而且，也不如許多很不尋常的鳥類，舉一個(gè)明顯的例子，如像瀕危的加利福尼亞大禿鷲那樣為人所知。 分句1. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals 分句2. sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always functional shapes． 1是主句， 采用完全倒裝 26．With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it，young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression． (倒裝than had their predecessors—比較結(jié)構(gòu)的第二部分) 隨著二戰(zhàn)帶來的持續(xù)繁榮以及隨之而來的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，年輕人比大蕭條中的同齡人結(jié)婚成家更早，而且養(yǎng)育的家庭比他們的前輩更大。s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits． (倒裝Acpanying that growth was a structural change that…=A structural change…was acpanying that growth) 伴隨著這一增長的是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化，它以經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷多樣化和國家勞動(dòng)力從農(nóng)業(yè)到制造業(yè)和其他非農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)的逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為特征。 分句1. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures 分句2. as are social classes 1和2并列， 2 采用倒裝語序，as表示“也，和… 一樣” 22．People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation39。8226。8226。8226。8226。8226。卡羅爾 分句1. Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, 分句2. but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house. 1和2是并列分句 （轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系） variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities． (從句which side…is used…作corresponds to的賓語 兩個(gè)半球之間的不同與身體的哪一部分用于進(jìn)行特定的活動(dòng)是對(duì)應(yīng)的。 分句1：The fact does not seem surprising 分句2：that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world39。 14 12．Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word, silent． (倒裝accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…) 雖然我們習(xí)慣于將1927年以前的電影叫做“無聲電影”，但是就“無聲’’這個(gè)詞的完整意義上說，電影從未真正的無聲過。 9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century． (同位語a supremacy) 17世紀(jì)時(shí)風(fēng)琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤樂器類的主要成員，這種至高無上的地位一直由它們保持，直到18世紀(jì)末被鋼琴所取代。就在這些傳言中，兩位上尉出發(fā)了。 本句的理解困難還來自于抽象詞fuel，它作為名詞的含義廣為人知，是能源、燃料，作為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候的意思就可以引申為促使、造成。The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly． (同位語從句fact that…) 南方極為嚴(yán)重的困境使北方同樣需要開始重建(盡管不像南方那么引人注目)這一事實(shí)顯得不太重要。同位語從句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康 are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like． (并列同位語從句reports that…，that…，that…) 關(guān)于天然維生素優(yōu)于人造維生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值更高，未經(jīng)熏蒸消毒處理的谷物比經(jīng)過處理的好等等報(bào)道屢見不鮮，但都沒有得到證實(shí)。s impressive population growth 分句1，2，3共同構(gòu)成倒裝句，正常的語序應(yīng)該是3，2，1，即：該句的正常語序是The country39。句子的核心意思是深海對(duì)于人類而言是一個(gè)充滿敵意的環(huán)境。 分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 分句2修飾分句1結(jié)尾的短語intense pressures， 分句1是分句3的原因狀語 分句3是整個(gè)長句子的主句 分句4是分句3的后置定語，修飾分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是： 原因狀語+主句+后置定語 這是主句前后分別有狀語和定語的修飾成分，但是本句其實(shí)不是復(fù)合句。 分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War 分句2：is 分句3：the country39。因此本句的主句是claims have bee widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些觀點(diǎn)廣為人知，并成為一些民間說法的基礎(chǔ)。 5 分句1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled 分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl 分句1嵌套分句2，即分句1是主句，分句2是賓語從句，主句結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過精簡應(yīng)該是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate devel