【正文】
RMB 100 million。、深圳發(fā)展銀行、招商銀行、上海浦東發(fā)展銀行、興業(yè)銀行、民生銀行、3. 股份制商業(yè)銀行季末主要指標(biāo)Quarterend Balance of the JSCBs單位:人民幣億元、% RMB 100 million。 總負(fù)債 Total Liabilities198, 204, 比上年同期增長(zhǎng)率 YoY Growth Rate 占銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)比例 Proportion to all the banking institutions %2006年第一季度(Q1)第二季度(Q2) 總資產(chǎn) Total Assets391, 409, 比上年同期增長(zhǎng)率 YoY Growth Rate 總負(fù)債 Total Liabilities374, 390, 比上年同期增長(zhǎng)率 YoY Growth Rate 註:銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)包括政策性銀行、國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行、股份制商業(yè)銀行、城市商業(yè)銀行農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行、農(nóng)村合作銀行、城市信用社、農(nóng)村信用社、郵政儲(chǔ)匯局、外資銀行和非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)。中國(guó)進(jìn)出口銀行中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行國(guó)家發(fā)展銀行政策性銀行銀行國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行、農(nóng)村合作銀行中國(guó)工商銀行(股)、中國(guó)銀行(股)中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行(股)、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行、交通銀行(股)中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行、光大銀行華夏銀行、民生銀行廣東發(fā)展銀行、深圳發(fā)展銀行招商銀行、上海浦東發(fā)展銀行股份制商業(yè)銀行興業(yè)銀行、恒豐銀行浙商銀行、渤海銀行城市商業(yè)銀行中國(guó)人民銀行(政策)中國(guó)銀監(jiān)會(huì)(監(jiān)管)外資銀行資產(chǎn)管理公司外國(guó)銀行分行、獨(dú)資銀行、中外合資銀行信託投資公司金融租賃公司財(cái)務(wù)公司非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)郵政儲(chǔ)匯機(jī)構(gòu)(中國(guó)郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行)農(nóng)村信用社城市信用社合作金融機(jī)構(gòu) 【圖1】中國(guó)大陸銀行體系 Figure 1 Banking System of China資料來源:作者自行整理。目前銀行參與混業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的方式則多為銀證合作、銀保代及銀行內(nèi)部設(shè)立投資銀行部等。2004年1月,國(guó)家首先動(dòng)用了450億美元的外匯存底,注資中國(guó)銀行及中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行,進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的財(cái)務(wù)重整和公司治理全面改革,中國(guó)銀行股份有限公司於整體改造完成後於同年8月26日正式掛牌,中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行則在分立重組後於9月21日成立中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行股份有限公司,中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行與中國(guó)銀行更分別於2005年10月27日及2006年6月1日在香港聯(lián)合交易所掛牌上市;2005年4月中國(guó)工商銀行獲得150億美元的政府注資,於同年10月28日完成股份改造,更名為中國(guó)工商銀行股份有限公司,並已於2006年10月27日同時(shí)在上海證券交易所與香港聯(lián)合交易所掛牌上市;中國(guó)農(nóng)民銀行由於歷史包袱較大,改造較為複雜,方案仍在討論進(jìn)行中,預(yù)計(jì)於2007年改制完成上市。 1995年3月起《中國(guó)人民銀行法》、《商業(yè)銀行法》陸續(xù)出爐,中央銀行(中國(guó)人民銀行)的金融監(jiān)督有法可依,中國(guó)金融體制也正式跨入法制化與規(guī)範(fàn)化的時(shí)代;1998年中國(guó)人民銀行將證券機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)管職能移交給中國(guó)證券監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì),同年11月中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)成立,接收了保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的監(jiān)管工作,中國(guó)人民銀行專注於對(duì)銀行業(yè)的監(jiān)管;此外為了推動(dòng)國(guó)有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行的改革,1998年財(cái)政部發(fā)行2,700億特別國(guó)債,補(bǔ)充四大行資本金,並於1999年成立四家金融資產(chǎn)管理公司,剝離處理嚴(yán)重的不良資產(chǎn)。 在1984到1992年中國(guó)人民銀行行使中央銀行職權(quán)的初期階段,雖然積極運(yùn)用多種經(jīng)濟(jì)和行政手段,對(duì)各類金融機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督,但信貸規(guī)模管理仍然是主要的調(diào)控手段,中國(guó)人民銀行的首要工作是分配資產(chǎn),金融監(jiān)管的重點(diǎn)則是檢查各專業(yè)銀行是否按照國(guó)家要求發(fā)放貸款,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的功能並不強(qiáng),中國(guó)人民銀行本身還有部分政策性和商業(yè)性銀行業(yè)務(wù),各類銀行還在摸索成長(zhǎng),與現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)營(yíng)管理仍有相當(dāng)距離,因此此一時(shí)期可謂是大陸現(xiàn)代銀行業(yè)的初期發(fā)展階段。 1978年12月底,中共中央第十一屆三中全會(huì)作出了經(jīng)濟(jì)改革和對(duì)外開放的決定,大陸經(jīng)濟(jì)開始打破原有的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)制度,金融體制也進(jìn)行了深刻的變化。 maybe it is already too late as foreign banks have already grasped the business advantage. Six possible modes of investment in China are discussed in this paper including: 1)opening the business branch directly, 2)setting up an independent bank directly, 3)direct equity investment in Chinese bank, 4)entering the market indirectly, 5)establishing business cooperation with Chinese bank, 6)entering the market with other foreign banks. Each investment mode has merits and shortings, however, the mon views by the banks are lifting the ban as soon as possible so that they can extend their business in China quickly.This paper first introduces recent reforms of Chinese banking industry, and discusses its current situation and future development. Next, the paper summarizes financial laws of China regarding to opening the market to foreign banking industry and presents the current situation of foreign banks over there. Finally, this paper proposes possible modes of Taiwanese banks investing in Mainland China and discusses their merits and shortings. Hopefully, this research can cast some insight for the government policy decision. 壹、前言1949年大陸政權(quán)成立,金融業(yè)務(wù)由中國(guó)人民銀行接管辦理,外國(guó)金融機(jī)構(gòu)被迫暫停營(yíng)業(yè)或退出大陸,1979年改革開放後,金融體制進(jìn)行了大幅調(diào)整,政策逐漸鬆綁,各類金融機(jī)構(gòu)紛紛設(shè)立與改型,外資銀行也重返大陸,金融發(fā)展?jié)u具雛型,2001年底中國(guó)加入WTO,市場(chǎng)循序?qū)ν忾_放,外國(guó)金融機(jī)構(gòu)前僕後繼,搶進(jìn)登陸,而隨著2006年底中國(guó)對(duì)WTO金融市場(chǎng)開放承諾事項(xiàng)的完全實(shí)施,外資銀行必將加速進(jìn)入大陸,臺(tái)資銀行卻因?yàn)槭苷咧拗?,目前僅有7家銀行在大陸成立辦事處,還未能設(shè)立營(yíng)業(yè)性機(jī)構(gòu),商機(jī)逐漸流失。中國(guó)銀行業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)況及臺(tái)資銀行登陸之可能模式分析The Current Situation of China’s Banking Industry and Possible Modes of Taiwanese Banks Investing in China 朱浩民Haumin Chu 政治大學(xué)金融學(xué)系(所)教授 摘要1979年改革開放後,中國(guó)金融體制進(jìn)行了大幅調(diào)整,政策逐漸鬆綁,各類金融機(jī)構(gòu)紛紛設(shè)立與改型,外資銀行也重返大陸,金融發(fā)展?jié)u具雛型,2001年底中國(guó)加入WTO,市場(chǎng)循序?qū)ν忾_放,外國(guó)金融機(jī)構(gòu)前僕後繼,搶進(jìn)登陸,隨著2006年底中國(guó)對(duì)WTO金融市場(chǎng)開放承諾事項(xiàng)的完全實(shí)施,外資銀行必將加速進(jìn)入大陸,大陸本國(guó)銀行將面臨嚴(yán)重的威脅,而臺(tái)資銀行卻因?yàn)槭苷咧拗疲壳皟H在大陸成立辦事處,還未能設(shè)立營(yíng)業(yè)性機(jī)構(gòu),商機(jī)逐漸流失。s banking industry, and discusses its current situation and future development. Next, the paper summarizes financial laws of China regarding to opening the market to foreign banking industry and presents the current situation of foreign banks over there. Finally, this paper discusses possible modes of Taiwanese banks investing in Mainland China.Keywords: foreign bank, Taiwan banking industry, investment in China, WTO Executive SummaryThe financial system of China has gone through big adjustments after 1979’s economic reform. With the deregulation of government policies, various types of financial institutions burgeoned and foreign banks returned gradually. After the development of over twenty years, China’s banking industry is now quite similar to modern western countries, and is posed of three policy banks, four stateowned mercial banks, thirteen joint stock mercial banks, one hundred and seventeen city mercial banks, fortythree rural mercial banks, thousands of urban and rural credit cooperatives, and postal savings bureau. The financial market of China accelerates opening to outsiders after joining the WTO in December 2001, and foreign institutions begin rushing into the market. As the plete opening deadline of Chinese financial market to foreign countries bees closer and closer, foreign banks flush into China. Till the end of 2005, there are 254 business branches of foreign banks in China, 154 of them have acquired the local RMB licenses. In the near future, foreign financial institutions will continue pouring into the Chinese market without hesitation. However, under the constraint of the local government policy, the Taiwanese banks are allowed only to set up representative offices but cannot open the business branches in China right now, and the business advantage of banks is losing gradually. In the present, there are only seven representative offices of Taiwanese banks in China, all are waiting for the lifting o