【正文】 965, a monopoly existed when the level of control reached onethird of a local or national market. That proportion was lessened by the Fair Trading Act 1973, under which panies can be prevented from controlling more than onefourth of the supply of a product or service. ——Ibid.2 中國社會科學(xué)院語言研究所詞典編輯室編：《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典（修訂本） 》 ，北京壟斷是一種市場結(jié)構(gòu)形式，在這種市場結(jié)構(gòu)中，一個或僅僅少數(shù)幾個人或公司支配著某項產(chǎn)品或某項服務(wù)的總供應(yīng)規(guī)?！?。4 上述對壟斷的理解實質(zhì)上是為壟斷塑造了一個理想化的模型。公孫丑》：“必求壟斷而登之，以左右望而罔市利。 ” 英國 1948 和 1965 年的《壟斷和合并法案》中規(guī)定，當(dāng)對市場的控制程度達(dá)到占當(dāng)?shù)鼗蛉珖秶鷥?nèi)市場的1 Monopoly is generally understood to mean ”control by one supplier or producer over the mercial market within a given region. ”——Bryan A. Garner ，A DICTIONARY OF MODERN LEGAL USAGE（ SECOND EDITION） （Beijing: Law Press在反托拉斯法的范疇內(nèi)，壟斷一般是指一個供應(yīng)商或生產(chǎn)者在一個特定地區(qū)對商業(yè)市場的控制。第一章 反壟斷法之規(guī)制對象第一節(jié) 壟斷之確定壟斷既可以指控制市場的一種存在狀態(tài)，也可以是指為了獲取獨占或控制市場而采取的各種限制競爭的行為，即壟斷行為。鑒于此現(xiàn)狀，對反壟斷法的規(guī)制對象進(jìn)行全面詳盡的分析具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。現(xiàn)在多數(shù)國家在對具體行為進(jìn)行判斷的過程中，逐漸由采用嚴(yán)格的本身違法規(guī)則轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)⒈旧磉`法規(guī)則與合理性規(guī)則結(jié)合適用，加強了對行為合理性的分析。反壟斷法通過對反競爭行為的約束，既可以有效維護(hù)競爭機制，也有利于幫助經(jīng)營者明確在經(jīng)濟(jì)活動中可實施行為的范圍。同時還得出：在對壟斷行為進(jìn)行判斷的過程中，市場支配地位是其核心因素。1 / 46外交學(xué)院 2022 級同等學(xué)力人員申請碩士學(xué)位論文論反壟斷法對阻礙正當(dāng)競爭行為之規(guī)制 ——兼評我國反壟斷立法專業(yè)： 國際法方向： 國際經(jīng)濟(jì)法導(dǎo)師： X X X 副教授作者： X X X 2022 年 5 月1 / 46摘 要反壟斷法已經(jīng)成為世界各國法律體系中必不可少的組成部分，為經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的正常運行提供了法律保障。只要該行為的目的是限制競爭，無論行為主體是單個的還是聯(lián)合的，無論壟斷危害是否已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，都應(yīng)該在法律規(guī)制的范圍之內(nèi)。關(guān)鍵詞：壟斷 反壟斷 市場支配地位 本身違法規(guī)則 合理性規(guī)則2 / 46AbstractAntimonopoly law has been a fundamental part in the legal system in most countries, which safeguard the due economic activities. Therefore, following China’s economic development, it is imperative to draw our own antimonopoly law. In this article, based on the reality in China, the author defines the rang of monopoly, then analyzes the essence of the monopolistic action, and pares principles and standards which are applied in other countries’ antimonopoly laws, finally draws the conclusion that: Antimonopoly should pay attention to enterprises which possess particular advantages in markets. However, its target is not to restrict the size of an enterprise itself, but an action destroying or to destroy the due petition in markets. As long as the purpose of an action is to hinder petition, it should be restricted by laws, no matter it is made by a single enterprise or united ones, even no matter damages of this monopoly have been made or not.And what’s more, the dominating power should be one of highlights in antimonopoly laws. This is the important premise for the judgment of monopolistic action. According to this, antimonopoly laws should bine the per se rules and the rule of reason, in order to make the correct judgment and proper decision. Otherwise, in this course, laws should also consider other factors, such as the damage of particular actions in markets, the influence to public interests, and so on.Key Words: monopoly, antimonopoly, market dominant position, the per se rules, the rule of reason3 / 46目 錄引 言 ............................................................................................................................1第一章 反壟斷法之規(guī)制對象 ....................................................................................2第一節(jié) 壟斷之確定 .................................................................................................2一 壟斷狀態(tài) .........................................................................................................2二 壟斷行為 .........................................................................................................4三 壟斷之范圍 .....................................................................................................6四 壟斷之確定 .....................................................................................................7第二節(jié) 反壟斷之確定 .............................................................................................8一 主體之確定 .....................................................................................................8二 行為之確定 ...................................................................................................10三 行為性質(zhì)之確定 ...........................................................................................13四 行為合理性之確定 .......................................................................................14第二章 反壟斷法規(guī)制對象之實質(zhì) ..........................................................................16第一節(jié) 相關(guān)市場之確定 .......................................................................................16第二節(jié) 市場支配地位之確定 ...............................................................................18一 市場支配地位之概念 ...................................................................................18二 市場支配地位之判斷 ...................................................................................19三 濫用市場支配地位之判斷 ...........................................................................21第三章 反壟斷法規(guī)制對象之判斷規(guī)則 ..................................................................23第一節(jié) 本身違法規(guī)則 ...........................................................................................23一 本身違法規(guī)則之含義 ...................................................................................23二 本身違法規(guī)則之法律適用 ...........................................................................24三 我國反壟斷立法中本身違法規(guī)則之適用 ...................................................25第二節(jié) 合理性規(guī)則 ...............................................................................................29一 合理性規(guī)則之含義 .......................................................................................29二 本身違法規(guī)則與合理性規(guī)則之比較 ...........................................................304 / 46三 合理性規(guī)則之法律適用 ...............................................................................31四 我國反壟斷立法中合理性規(guī)則之適用 .......................................................32結(jié) 論 ..........................................................................................................................37參 考