【正文】 integrate and apply knowledge of others（三）、IE Operating Function amp。 strengthening links with strategiesTools/Means?Analysis amp。工業(yè)工程技術(shù)培訓(xùn)Industrial Engineering Training課 程 大 綱頁次一、工業(yè)工程（I EIndustrial Engineering）的內(nèi)涵與應(yīng)用（一）工業(yè)工程之定義與內(nèi)涵（二）IE 機(jī)制建立（三）IE Operating Function amp。 cost Prevention?Organizational efficiency improvement?Value innovationAims?Maintaining efficiency?Improving efficiency?Improving effectiveness amp。 pooling of knowledgeActivities?Setting tasks/rates and standards based on work study and estimation?Providing inputs for setting of targets and for planning amp。 minutes）。 (作業(yè)人數(shù))TT(Tact Time) =(每日可用工時475分) 247。 (目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量)單位工時HPU =(瓶頸站工時NST) 180。 (作業(yè)人數(shù))單位工時HPU =(每日可用工時475分) 180。＊ 移動之距離。＊ 物體之重量或遇到之阻力。5. 抓取（Grasp）＊ 物體擺放之形式。6. 放手（Release）＊ 放手之種類。＊ 裝配對象之難易度。9. 轉(zhuǎn)動（Crank）＊ 曲柄或轉(zhuǎn)輪之大小。10. 眼睛移動及注視（Eye Travel amp。＊ 移動之距離。 （三）W F（Work Factor）工作因素法之動作單元動 作 單 元符號備注運(yùn)送(Transport) 伸手、運(yùn)空(Reach、Transport Empty) 移物(Move) 抓取(Grasp)放手(Release)預(yù)對(Preposition)裝配(Assemble) 機(jī)械裝配(Mechanical Assembly) 表面裝佩(Surface Assembly)拆卸(Disassemble)程序時間(Process Time)PT Use心智過程(Mental Process) 凝視(Focus) 檢查(Inspection) 反應(yīng)、回憶、計(jì)算 (Reaction、Recall、Compute)!頭轉(zhuǎn)動(Head Turn)身體轉(zhuǎn)動(Body Turn)走動(Walk)HTBTWalk持住(Hold)休息、閑置(Rest、Idle)n影響動作之工作因素(Work Factor)丟棄用過之棉花棒投擲鐵塊在輸送機(jī)上推動重物箱基本動作：無WF重量：W阻力：W伸手至香煙盒穿針動作伸手至破玻璃杯口定點(diǎn)停頓：D定點(diǎn)停頓+引導(dǎo)：D+S點(diǎn)停頓+謹(jǐn)慎：D+P將積木放置在頂端搬料箱至工作臺上繞過障礙物之移物定點(diǎn)停頓+引導(dǎo)+謹(jǐn)慎：D+S+P定點(diǎn)停頓+重量：D+W定點(diǎn)停頓+改變方向：D+C四、疲勞或休息寬放（Fatigue or Rest Allowance）之訂定（一）休息寬放時間定義休息寬放時間亦稱松弛寬放時間或疲勞寬放時間，通常以正常時間之百分?jǐn)?shù)表示之。（二）決定休息寬放時間應(yīng)考慮之因素1. 固定寬放時間固定寬放時間分為(1)補(bǔ)償因工作而消耗精力之寬放時間，或稱基本疲勞寬放時間及(2)個人寬放時間，如洗手、如廁所及飲水等。婦女們個人寬放時間比較男人為多，一般多給2 %。檢查、檢驗(yàn)（Inspection）檢查、檢驗(yàn)就是將原原料、材料、零件、半成品或成品之品質(zhì)特性與設(shè)定之標(biāo)準(zhǔn)加以比較，判定其是否與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一致。等待、延遲（Delay）等待、延遲就是因區(qū)缺料、停機(jī)、人機(jī)配合不當(dāng)或工作安排不順，造成人員或機(jī)器設(shè)備之閑置、等待。雙手程序表（改善后）no.左 手（LH）右 手（RH）no.1伸手至螺絲釘伸手至螺絲釘12抓取一根螺絲釘抓取一根螺絲釘23移動螺絲釘至近夾具處移動螺絲釘至近夾具處34轉(zhuǎn)動螺絲釘預(yù)定方向轉(zhuǎn)動螺絲釘預(yù)定方向45將螺絲釘裝在夾具上將螺絲釘裝在夾具上56握持螺絲釘踏住腳踏板67放開螺絲釘放開螺絲釘78伸手至平華司伸手至平華司89抓取一根平華司抓取一根平華司910移動平華司至夾具處移動平華司至近夾具處1011將平華司套進(jìn)螺絲釘將平華司套進(jìn)螺絲釘1112放開平華司放開平華司1213伸手至彈簧華司伸手至彈簧華司1314抓取一個彈簧華司抓取一個彈簧華司1415移動彈簧華司至近夾具處移動彈簧華司至近夾具處1516將彈簧華司套進(jìn)螺絲釘將彈簧華司套進(jìn)螺絲釘1617放開彈簧華司放開彈簧華司1718伸手至螺帽伸手至螺帽1819抓取一個螺帽抓取一個螺帽1920移動螺帽至近夾具處移動螺帽至近夾具處2021將螺帽套進(jìn)螺絲釘將螺帽套進(jìn)螺絲釘2122將螺帽轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)螺絲釘將螺帽轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)螺絲釘2223放開螺帽放開螺帽2324松開腳踏板讓成品掉入紙箱24※ 完成2個螺絲釘?shù)难b配，需要24個動作的時間，平均完成1個螺絲釘?shù)难b配，需要12個動作的時間，比原本的作業(yè)方式（19個動作）減少7個動作，亦即改善了約37%。3) 有利時合并各動作。7) 工作設(shè)備應(yīng)合乎工作者的身材。4) 變更工作場所的布置。8) 使夾具動作迅速。4) 因工具或設(shè)備的改善。5. 等待是否可減免？1) 因不必要。5) 因雙手交換的動作。4) 因采用較佳盛具。7. 運(yùn)送是否可以簡化？1) 因變更布置減短距離。2) 使用身體有力部份，如用腳踏方法。04. 盡可能利用最低等級之動作。08. 動作應(yīng)輕松有節(jié)奏。12. 利用重力墜送或自動化設(shè)備退料。16. 盡可能將多種工具合并(使用多功能工具) 。20. 操作桿位置之設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)盡可能讓作業(yè)人員少變更姿勢。s1547626 A’s123576 I39。 Unload之次數(shù)/頻率?搬運(yùn)設(shè)備之效能（九）縮短換線換模時間之要領(lǐng)簡介Improvement Approach 改善的手法☆ Four ( 4 ) Steps 四個步驟☆ Two ( 2 ) Categories 兩種類別☆ Four ( 4 ) Stages 四個階段4 Steps（四個步驟）☆ Preparation（準(zhǔn)備）☆ (Re)placement （更換、裝置）☆ Adjustment （調(diào)整）☆ Completion （完成、善后）Step 1 Preparation（準(zhǔn)備）＊ Drawing Up Changeover Instructions. Operations. Tools needed (jigs, dies, moulds, etc.). Fasteners needed (bolts, screws, washers, nuts, clamps, clips, etc.).＊ Storage, Maintenance and Inspection of Tools and Fasteners.＊ Gathering and Preparation of New Tools and Fasteners.Transport of Tools and Fasteners to the Process.Step 2 (Re)placement（更換、裝置）＊ Unfastening and Removal of Old Tools.＊ Placing the New Tools.＊ Centering the New Tools.Step 3 Adjustment（調(diào)整）＊ Fastening New Tools.＊ Securing the New Tools.＊ Adjustment of the New Tools.Step 4 Completion（完成、善后）＊ Transport of Old Tools.＊ Cleaning, Greasing and Oiling The Old Tools.＊ Storage of Old Tools.2 Categories（兩種類別）☆ Online Changeover（線內(nèi)更換）Changeover activities Interrupting the process.☆ Offline Changeover（線外更換）Changeover activities alongside the process.1234Online change overProducing product AProducing product B23Online Producing product AProducing product BOffline1Offline44 Stages（四個階段）Advanced Stage改進(jìn)階段Transferred Stage移轉(zhuǎn)階段Separated Stage分離階段Intermingled Stage混合階段◎ Intermingled Stage（混合階段）＊ No separation between.＊ Online and offline operations.＊ Process is stopped during total change.＊ New tools are brought in after the process has been stopped.＊ Neither tools nor fasteners are properly maintained, checked or prepared.＊ Tools and fasteners are not tidy stored.◎ Separated Stage（分離階段）＊ Online and offline operations are kept separated.＊ Process is stopped for online operations only.＊ All necessary preparations are pleted while the process is going on.＊ A checklist is available for carrying out offline work.＊ Maintenance, inspection and preparation of tools and fasteners are carried out offline.＊ A check is made whether tools and fasteners work properly.◎ Transferred Stage（移轉(zhuǎn)階段）＊ Online operations are transferred to offline as much as possible.＊ Height of dies, rams and press blocks are standardized.＊ All fasteners and spanners are standardized.＊ Standardized intermediate attachments are introduced.＊ Adjustment of machines strokes is avoided.◎ Advanced Stage（改進(jìn)階段）＊ Both online and offline operations are minimized.＊ Dimensions