【正文】 ，而亞洲、非洲國家相對較低；不同種族亦有差別，白種人骨質(zhì)疏松癥明顯多于黃種人和黑種人，黑種人骨量比白種人多10％，但骨折危險僅為白種人的1/3～1/2，表明種族間骨質(zhì)疏松發(fā)病率的差異主要與骨量差異有關(guān)；在城鄉(xiāng)分布上，瑞典研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，髖部骨折發(fā)病率城市明顯高于農(nóng)村，主要是城市居民骨量較低所致；在長期趨勢研究中，過去幾十年間許多國家髖部骨折發(fā)病呈升高趨勢，據(jù)分析部分原因也由于壽命延長，而骨質(zhì)疏松癥為增齡性疾病，因此，越來越多的人處于高危狀態(tài)[911]。近年來隨著分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，遺傳因素對骨質(zhì)疏松影響的研究日益受到人們的重視[5]。女性于40歲時開始出現(xiàn)骨質(zhì)疏松,%；50～%；60～%；%。24177。說明回族人群身高、體重與骨密度有一定關(guān)系。丟失率的計算如下：丟失率=（骨峰值各個年齡段的骨密度值）/骨峰值100%2 寧夏地區(qū)回族人群右側(cè)橈骨遠(yuǎn)端的BMD值從表1及圖23中可見，同一年齡組BMD男性明顯高于女性，具有顯著性差異（P）；男性從20～歲組其BMD依次增加，30～39歲組達(dá)峰值，隨后BMD開始下降,50～歲組即出現(xiàn)有意義的下降(與峰值比較P)，60～歲組開始呈明顯的下降趨勢(與峰值比較P)，但男性的BMD累積丟失率無明顯隨年齡增長而加速的趨勢；同樣女性從20～歲組其BMD依次增加，30～39歲組達(dá)峰值，隨后開始下降，50～歲組下降明顯(與峰值比較P)，至70～歲以上組達(dá)最低值，其累積丟失率在50歲以后明顯增加。60～22177?！?0～27177。表1 寧夏回族各年齡組男女性右側(cè)橈骨遠(yuǎn)端BMD值()及累積丟失率( %)年齡組男女例數(shù)BMD(g/cm2)丟失率(%)例數(shù)BMD(g/cm2)丟失率(%)20～34177。所有研究對象的骨密度均由同一名考核合格的放射科醫(yī)生完成，因而調(diào)查員間的誤差較小。被測者取坐位，探頭放置于右側(cè)手臂前臂遠(yuǎn)端皮膚表面處，測定橈骨骨密度。 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)重肝腎疾病及可能影響骨代謝的各種疾病,包括先天性骨骼畸形，小兒麻痹癥，甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)和減退，膠原性疾病、糖尿病、骨腫瘤、骨軟化癥和其它骨關(guān)節(jié)疾病等，除外增生骨折；除外長期服用影響骨代謝的藥物者(長期服用激素、鈣劑等藥物史),長期臥床病人及特殊職業(yè)人群(如運動員及煤礦工人等)。目前在北京、上海、天津、蘭州、深圳等大城市進(jìn)行大樣本測量，取得了各自地區(qū)的正常參考值。s role[J].Am Fam Physician, 2006,73(12):21952200.[11] Hayes WC, Myers ER. Biomechanical considerations of hip and spine fractures in osteoporotic bone[J]. Instr Course Lect, 1997,46:431438.[12] Wilson RT, Chase GA, Chrischilles EA, et al. Hip fracture risk among munity dwelling elderly people in the United States: a prospective study of physical, cognitive, and socioeconomic indicators[J]. Am J Public Health, 2006,96(7):12101218.[13] NF, Chan JK, Thamer M, et al. Medical expenditures for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures in the United States in 1995: report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation[J]. J Bone Miner Res, 1997,12(1):2435.[14] 黃遂柱. 老年人髖部骨折的預(yù)防[J]. 國外醫(yī)學(xué)老年醫(yī)學(xué)分冊, 1998, 19(2):7478.[15] 董天華. 股骨轉(zhuǎn)子間骨折的治療[J]. 中華創(chuàng)傷雜志, 2003, 19(2):7375.[16] Walker N, Norton R, VanderHoom S, et al. Mortality after hip fracture: variations in New Zealand[J]. N Z Med J,1999,112(4) :269271.[17] Bocreboom FT, Raymakers JA, Duursma SA. Mortality and causes of death after hip fractures in the Netherlands[J]. Neth J Med,1992, 41(1):410[18] 霍德政，李立明，尹香尹. 髖部骨折對中老年人日常生活功能的影響[J]. 北京醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報,1999,31(4):123.[19] Meunier PJ. Prevention of hip fracture[J]. American Journal of , 11 (30):7578.[20] Elffors L. Are osteoporotic fractures due to osteoporosis? Impacts of a frailty pandemic in an aging world[J]. Aging (Milano), 1998, 10(2):191204.[21] 劉愛民，徐荃，[J].中華流行病學(xué)雜志,1996,17(1):69.[22] Melton III LJ. Hip fracture: A worldwide problem today and tomorrow[J]. Bone, 1993,14(suppl): S1S8.[23] Ross PD, Davis JW，Vogel JM, et al. A critical review of bone mass and the risk of fractures in osteoporosis[J].Calcif Tissue Int,1990,46(2):149161.0寧夏醫(yī)學(xué)院碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 第一部分 前言第一部分 寧夏地區(qū)回族正常人群骨密度及骨質(zhì)疏松患病率研究前 言隨著社會人口老齡化的加快,原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松癥愈來愈引起人們的重視。[J].中國醫(yī)學(xué)信息導(dǎo)報,2004,19(10):22.[6]國外對引起髖部骨折的危險因素己進(jìn)行了一些研究，有些因素比較肯定但大多數(shù)因素尚在討論之中[23]，而目前國內(nèi)比較完整的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查研究不多。到2025年的實際發(fā)病人數(shù)有可能達(dá)到1600萬[20]。髖部骨折不僅給患者帶來不幸，而且給家庭和社會帶來沉重負(fù)擔(dān)。由于髖部骨折患者年老體弱，伴發(fā)疾病多，無論是牽引臥床等保守措施，還是手術(shù)治療，并發(fā)癥出現(xiàn)及致殘率、病死率均很高。除了年齡及跌倒史以外，平衡能力，行走速度和視力等臨床因素和居住環(huán)境，受教育程度，醫(yī)療保險等社會因素也是預(yù)測骨折發(fā)生的一些相關(guān)指標(biāo)[12]。所以預(yù)防跌倒就顯得尤為重要[10]。李寧華等[6]通過對中國五大行政區(qū)中老年人骨質(zhì)疏松及骨折流行病學(xué)研究調(diào)查顯示，%，%。髖部骨折多見于老年人，且以絕經(jīng)后婦女為多。研究各地區(qū)、各民族骨質(zhì)疏松癥的患病率、分布和影響因素，對骨質(zhì)疏松癥的預(yù)防和早期診斷具有重大的理論意義和臨床價值。目前，美國已有1000萬例骨質(zhì)疏松癥患者和1800萬可能發(fā)展成為骨質(zhì)疏松癥的低骨量患者。osteoclast peak bone mass The centre of prevention of the hip fractures is these people,especially avoid falling, and increase bone mass and treat osteoporosis.Key words Hip fracture,Femoral neck,Intertroclianteric,Epidemiology,Incidence寧夏醫(yī)學(xué)院碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 中英文縮略詞表中英文縮略詞表OP osteoporosis The prevalence rates of OP(WHO) after 50 years of age were % in male and % in female , the difference between men and women was significant(P). （2）Prayer had no effect on BMD in male and female. (3)There are positive correlation between BMD and height in male and female, as well as BMD and weight in male. Conclusions (1) BMD decreases with age and the incidence of OP increases with age. The incidence of OP in females is higher than males. The prevalence of OP is positive correlation with age，especially in women elder than 50 and men elder than prevention is important for osteoporosis. (2) Prayer and custom of Hui people are not important factors contribute to BMD. (3)Height and weight are influential factors to BMD. (4) It is very important for early diagnosis of osteoporosis by establishing the reference ranges of BMD in Hui people which measured by dual energy Xray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the distal of radius.Key Words　Osteoprosis。 發(fā)病率VII寧夏醫(yī)學(xué)院碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 英文摘要Epidemiological Study on Osteoporosis andOsteoporotic fracture in NingXiaAbstractPart Ⅰ Study on Bone Mass Density and Prevalence Rateof Osteoporosis in Healthy Hui people in Ningxia Autonomous RegionObjective To investigate the Bone Mass Density (BMD) and the Prevalence Rate of osteoporosis(OP) in healthy Hui people in NingXia autonomous region of China. To obtain the reference ranges of BMD in healthy Hui people in NingXia autonomous region，provide scientific basis for prevention of osteoporosis. Methods Through stratified cluster sampling method, 384 healthy Hui people (178 males，206 females) were divided into groups according to age and sex. The range of age was 20 to 90 and was divided into groups of 10 years each. Their Bone mass density (BMD) at the right distal of radius were measured by dual energy Xray absorptiometry (DEXA), recorded sex,age,height,weight,occupation,physical exercise,history of smoking ,driking,bone fracture and child bearing, then statistically analyzed. Results (1)The peak value of BMD appeared during 30 to 39 years in every groups，the pea