【正文】 ang’s book 5. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷的傳說》 Plot Summary This story takes place in the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town, New York. It is about a vain and cowardly school teacher (Ichabod Crane), who falls in love with the beautiful eighteenyearold Katrina VanTassel, the daughter of a farmer. Katrina has but another suitorthe strong, handsome Brom Bones, who brags about the number of fights he has fought, and runs around on strong horses with his gang, causing much trouble in the town. When Crane was invited to a party at the Van Tassel39。s Leaves of Grass (1855). 《草葉集》 4. It was characterized by the idealization of nature, freedom of thought and expression and heavy reliance on the imagination and subjectivity. It reacted against reason, rules, authority and industrialism, and it searched for freedom in personal, political, and artistic life. It stresses individual over society and tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. 5. Being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called “the American Renaissance”. III. The Romantic Literature: Two Phases: 1. The beginning and development of American Romanticism: Washington Irving (17831859): The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon James Fenimore Cooper (17891851): The Leatherstocking Tales 2. The summit of American Romanticism: New England Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson (18031882) : Nature 《論自然》 Henry David Thoreau (18171862) : Walden 《瓦爾登湖》 Phase 1: The beginning and development of American Romanticism: Washington Irving (17831859) 1. His life: named after his parents39。 British Loyalists threw them into fires because they are threatened by them. Since Thomas Paine39。 forbear resenting injuries so much as you think hey deserve. Cleanness: Tolerate no uncleanness in body, cloths, or habitation. Tranquility: Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents mon or unavoidable. Chastity: Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another39。 ., waste nothing. Industry: Lose no time。 drink not to elevation. Silence: Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself。s Almanac 3. Hector St. John de Cr232。 (4) simple, plain language 2 ③ : (1) As a popular literary form in the Middle Ages, it?s a narrative poem or prose about the life and adventures of a noble hero. (2) The hero is the knight, setting out on a journey to acplish some goal— to protect the church and the poor, to rescue a maiden, to meet a challenge, or to obey a knightly mand. (3) The content is usu. about romantic love, chivalry and religion. (4) The language and style are simple and straightforward. : express the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker ① epigram: a short witty poem expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way ② elegy: poem or song expressing sorrow, esp. for the dead ③ : a long poem expressing noble feeling, often written to a person or thing, or celebrating some special event ④ aubade: a love poem expressing plaint that dawn means the speaker must part from his lover ⑤ : a type of poem containing 14 lines, each of 10 syllables, and with a formal pattern of rhymes Chapter One The Colonial and Revolutionary Period (16201820) Ⅰ . Historical Background: ★ This period lasted for nearly two centuries from the arrival of the Mayflower through the end of the 18th century. The 17th century: the establishment of the early American colonies 1. In 1620, 102 Englishmen in all, including 35 Puritans and 67 nonPuritans, took the ship Mayflower for North America. On November 21st, they settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts. The arrival of the Mayflower marked the beginning of the English permanent settlements in North America. 2. The English permanent settlements in North America began in the early 17th century. The first settlement was founded in 1607 in Virginia. The second settlement was established in Massachusetts in 1620. Following these two settlements, many other colonies were founded in North America. The 18th century: the American Revolution —The War of Independence 1. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics, economy and cultural life , they wanted to be independent from Britain. 2. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson with the help of John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, was adopted by the congress. 3. The American Revolution came to an end in 1781 with the failure of Britain. The war of Independence lasted for eight years (1776—1783). In 1789, Gee Washington became the first American President. A new American nation was thus born. Ⅱ . Cultural Background: Puritanism: American Puritanism was one of the most important enduring influences in American thought, American life 3 and American literature. It refers to the practices and beliefs of Puritans. The Puritans thought that the Church of England was too catholic and wanted to “purify” the church. They wanted simple forms of church ceremony. People couldn?t be saved by giving money to the church. They advocated working hard and living a moral life. They thought they were God?s chosen people. The Bible was the authority of their doctrine. The puritan style of writing is fresh, simple and direct。 Assessment: 1. Class Attendance (15%) 2. Class Participation (5%) 3. Homework (20%): Time due: June 16 4. Final Exam (60%) Introduction to Literature 1. fiction: setting, character, point of view, plot, theme, language and style novel novelette short story 2. drama: dialogue, character, plot, theme edy: play that aims to amuse and that ends happily tragedy: play with a sad ending tragiedy: ty