【正文】 rksome task b. an easy experiment c. a good plan d. a legal obligation 3. Types of contracts are virtually classified by their __d____ system: (1) pricebased and (2) costbased. a. construction b. design c. tender d. payment 4. Roadbeds ___b___ highway pavement structures and the ballast and track on which trains move. a. lie above b. underlie c. lie left d. lie right 5. In recent years, rippers have been used successfully to ___c___ loose or fractured rock. a. break down b. break even c. break up d. break away 6. Where material is moved less than about 60m or steeply downhill, drifting with a track or wheel type bulldozer is ___a___. a. cheapest b. expensive c. unknown d. the same 7. Usually there are ___c___ easy answer on equipment selection. a. some b. many c. no d. much 8. In fills constructed by end dumping or by placing in thick layers, material, density, and moisture content could ___c___ greatly from one spot to another. a. be the same b. be alike c. vary d. be equal 9. Layered construction also produced greater uniformity in the material _____d_ and in its density and moist。 The shipper and travelers choose transportation modes in terms of level of service provided 。 many structure sites the field investigations indicate that channel relocations and improvements above and below the structure may provide a better situation from the hydraulic ，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查指出改渠和改善結(jié)構(gòu)物的上下游，從水力學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)看，可能提供一種更好的情況、 Part V Translate the Sentences into English (15’) 。 that is, each has its own problems and design features. Therefore, careful study is given to each project even before design work begins. The study includes a survey both of topography and subsoil features of the proposed site. It also includes a consideration of possible alternatives, such as a concrete gravity dam or an earthfill embankment dam. The economic factors involved in each of the possible alternatives must also be weighed. Today, a study usually includes a consideration of the environmental impact of the project. Many engineers, usually working as a team that includes surveyors, specialists in soil mechanics, and experts in design and construction, are involved in making these feasibility studies. engineering projects are ____a__________. a. almost always distinctive b. the similar c. alike project _____c_______ before design work begins a. may not be considered b. can?t be studied c. must be studied carefully study, which must consider not only structural features but also economic factors and possible alternatives or other choices, is called _____b________. a. system engineering b. feasibility study c. structural design of the following is true? a. today civil engineering project need consider the environmental impact of the project b. today the study about civil engineering project needn?t consider the environmental impact of the project c. today the study about civil engineering project needn?t consider the resource impact of the project Passage Three Clearing the site precedes all grading and most other construction operations. Site clearing in rural areas may sometimes merely require that glass, shrubs, and other plants or crops be removed. However, it sometimes can involve removing trees and tree stumps and disposing of the debris. The accepted procedure is to remove practically all vegetable matter from the original ground and from fill material, since, if allowed to remain。 Computer, of course ,can somlve many problems involving calculations with greater speed and acuracy than a human being 58. 承包商必須按照合同的條款履行自己的責(zé)任。 53. If a beam supports a load above, the beam itself must have sufficient strength to counterbalance that weight. 一旦梁上面有負(fù)載，那么這根梁必需有足夠的強(qiáng)度來(lái)支撐這個(gè)負(fù)載。這些重要的設(shè)備是經(jīng)緯儀、水準(zhǔn)儀、和卷尺。 Safety factors must also be taken into consideration account ,since construction can be very dnagerous 57. 當(dāng)然，計(jì)算機(jī)能比人更快捷、精確地解決許多有關(guān)計(jì)算問題。 A traffic accident denotes the event in which personal injury or death or property damage is caused by cehicles in trafic Professional English Test B Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20’) 1. Computers are ___b_____ unless they are given clear and accurate instructions and information. a. used b. useless c. useful d. uselessly 2. The relationship between engineering and society is getting ____c____. a. higher b. farther c. closer d. lower 3. For the student who is preparing to bee a ____c____ engineer, these specialized courses may deal with such subjects as geodetic surveying, soil mechanics. a. puter b. social c. civil d. chemical 4. The civil engineer may work in research, design, construction, ____b____, maintenance, or even in sales. a. analysis b. supervision c. plan d. fee 5. Civil engineers work on many different kinds of ____c____. a. buildings b. projects c. structures d. roads 6. In designing buildings, civil engineers often work as ___b_____ to architectural or construction firms. a. workers b. consultants c. employee d. students 7. Dams, bridges and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers whose work is