【正文】 sman after he went to London in 1862, at the same time he enrolled as a student and took advanced courses for language and started to create literature in King’s College London. At the very beginning, Hardy wrote poems, but his poetry was not published. In 1868, he finished his first long novel, but was not published. Farm from Madding Crowd, the celebrated work was his fourth novel in 1874. He abandoned construction industry from then on, and devoted himself to the novel creation. From late nineteenth century, the works of Thomas Hardy and himself were the critics’ hot topics for a long time. (Lu, 72) With the development of modern literary criticism after the Second World War, diverse critics interpret Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Thomas Hardy’s other novels from different perspectives.In the book named The Second Common Reader, Virginia Woolf once claimed:When we say that without Thomas Hardy seems like English fiction lost a leader, we mean that there is no one like Thomas Hardy whose supremacy would be generally accepted, none to whom it seems so fitting and natural to pay homage.Thomas Hardy and Paradoxes of Love, Woolf39。悲劇。淺析《德伯家的苔絲》中苔絲的悲劇因素摘要： 《德伯家的苔絲》，作為托馬斯關(guān)鍵詞: 苔絲。 ReasoniiAcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Ding , both for his intellectual guidance and for his warm and constant encouragement during the process of writing this thesis. With patience and prudence, he labored through drafts of this thesis and pointed out defects in my theorizing. Therefore, I owe all the merits in this thesis, if any, to him, though I am fully aware that the thesis might still contain some mistakes, for which I bear the whole responsibility.My cordial and sincere thanks go to all the teachers in the Department of English。 and when you have possessed and robbed enough of that then it is can be a good thing, to feel like making your pleasure secure in heaven!” It was the author’s doubt about the power of religion and wanted to save the soul by Alec’s behavior. Alec intimidated Tess cruelly, “I was your master once! Remember my lady, and I will be your master again and again! There is no doubt that you are mine no matter who you are any man’s wife!” But Tess, a brave and proud woman, was not afraid at all, what’s more, she was still worked under the terrible circumstance where some men could not bear on the farm. She was so proud and did not want to bend to Alec because she never loved him and knew his real look, but fate played another joke with the poor Tess again, her father died, which meant their family lost their backbone, and her family was in great danger. Furthermore, the whole family would be driven away from their house, Tess’s brothers and sisters became homeless and even worse. Tess had no choice but turned to the heinouss agony and laughed at her, which gave Tess a fatal blow.2. Analysis of Angel’s ReasonIf someone said that Alec caused Tess’s tragedy directly, representing the force of evil. Then, the traditional ethics morality, Angel Clare, was a kind of invisible power that destroyed Tess’s life which gave Tess more terrible spirit injures and it was exactly cruel. Angel was a really difficult artistic image for his personality. There was not only certain progressive thought in his mind, but also kept the traditional ethical prejudice. While there was something valuable in Angel, he was diligent and voluntary to work on the farm. He was born in a priest family though, instead of willing to be a priest serving God. He served for the metropolis warmheartedly, in order to do the struggling physical labor, he wanted to go to the countryside as farmers, the agricultural technology was important for him so he tried hard to catch each kind of class. He felt the village life was really fun and simple fell in love with it. He was earnest, serious and mildmannered to everything. Being serious and paying more attention on feeling, Angel was quite different from Alec. When facing Tess, the two people acted quite different. Furthermore, Angel had the free thought and was the bourgeois intellectual at that time, but he went to the lower social class after left home also was very infrequent. His goal was to be a large landed estate after a hard time and he would be engaged in the agricultural production. Angel not only started to know Tess could be a good manager in the future quickly, but also the most important was that he loved Tess. But Tess’s love was unselfish and sincere, which was not like that Angel loved her. In his eyes, “nature’s new born daughter” just was pure Tess. To Tess’s unexpectedly, once she confessed that about Alec to him, preserved the intrinsic morals in Angel’s mind had struggled with the real emotion in his heart. (Hu, 177) He get Tess’s forgiveness, he had had the dissolute behavior though, while he was not willing to forgive Tess, who was really originally innocent in heart. This suggested his traditional morals ethics thoughts rooted in his deep mind. He thought a woman was chaste or not should from the standard of the view of traditional chastity, which was a destructive attack for Tess. If we say that Alec made Tess physically injured, then, Angel abandoned her, which made her heartbroken and destroyed her spiritual support because Tess really loved him. She felt more humiliation after his return, and the pain and despair achieved the apex. Tess thought it was Alec stopped her happiness. In the end Tess killed Alec for she was helpless.In love, Angel was not like Alec that nasty, he respected Tess, loved Tess. One of the reasons was Tess’s beauty and docile, another reason was Tess’s hardworking and Tess would be an ideal farmer39。s sister.B. Analysis of the Social and Environmental Reasons in Tess’s Tragedy In the novel, Thomas Hardy emphasized the realistic reason of Tess’s tragedy, including the hypocritical morality of bourgeois society and t