【正文】 level? direc? tors whose? span of contr? ol inclu? des IE funct? ions) meets? with CIEAD?H (98 acade?mic depar?tment? heads? from unive?rsiti?es and colle? ges) at sched? uled times? durin?g the year to bette? r defin?e what indus? try needs? from acade? mia. IIE acts as a facil? itato?r betwe?en the two group? s to help infor? m acade?mia. The ultim?ate goal of these? meeti?ngs is the devel?opmen?t of a clear?ly defin?ed set of outpu? t chara?cteri?stics? that will help acade?mia desig? n an impro?ved under?gradu?ate IE curri?culum?. 第二個項目 ?開始于 19? 90 年秋 .由工業(yè)工程 ?理事會和工 ?業(yè)工程系統(tǒng) ?理事會進(jìn)行 ?.工業(yè)工程理?事會 (負(fù)責(zé)公司工 ?業(yè)工程事業(yè) ?的公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo) ?)還特別的與 ?工業(yè)工程系 ?統(tǒng)理事會 (大學(xué)和學(xué)院 ?的 98位學(xué) ?科代表 )進(jìn)行了例 This is not to say that these? an?izati?ons are attem?pting? to stand?ardiz?e the IE curri? culum?, rathe?r, they are tryin?g to provi?de basic? guide?lines?. The quest?ion of wheth? er the IE curri?culum?, shoul?d be stand?ardiz?ed throu?ghout? every? unive?rsity? is not an issue? . Leade?rs in indus?try and acade? mia readi?ly agree? that there? is no possi?ble way for every? curri?culum? at every? colle?ge to be ident?ical. 這并不是說 ?這些組織試 ?圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工 ?業(yè)工程的課 ? 程 ,而是說他們 ?正努力提供 ?一些基本的 ? 準(zhǔn)則 .主要的并不 ?是工業(yè)工程 ?課程是否應(yīng) ?該在所有的 ?大學(xué)里統(tǒng)一 ? 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ,而是工業(yè)界 ?和學(xué)術(shù)界的 ?領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人已開 ?始認(rèn)同不可 ?能在每個學(xué) ?校開設(shè)一樣 ?的課程 . “ I don’ t think? you can requi?re every? IE curri?culum? to be cooki?e cutte?r of each other?,” says Glaxo?’ s Ray. 克拉克 .瑞說 :” 我不認(rèn)為工 ?業(yè)工程課程 ?能象餅干一 ?樣被分來分 ?去 .” What appea? rs to be a probl?em is the perce?ived gap betwe?en what types? of stude?nts acade? mia is provi? ding pa? red with the types? of stude?nts indus? try seeks?. Most indus?try leade?rs ackno?wledg?e that th。 她還說 ： “ 工業(yè)工程可 ?能是工程專 ?業(yè)僅有的堅 ?持要求把自 ?己的地位建 ?立在本部門 ?之上的專業(yè) ?” 。 現(xiàn)在他們已 ?經(jīng)部分成為 ?質(zhì)量改善工 ?程 ， 質(zhì)量服務(wù)或 ?者工程服務(wù) ?， 僅是名字多 ?一點。 Like it or not, the trend? today? is speci? aliza?tion, and pa? nies are follo? wing suit. Tough? econo?mic times? are forci?ng many pa?nies to redef?ine corpo?rate struc?tures?, with a prima? ry goal of flatt?ing their? an?izati?on in an attem? pt to cut costs? and speed? the decis?ionmakin?g proce?ss. In the case of the IE depar? tment?, that trend? has moved? depar?tment?al names? from the gener?ic “ IE” to speci?al funct?ions or areas? that are being? perfo?rmed. 不管是否真 ?的這樣 ， 專業(yè)化是目 ?前的趨勢就 ?， 而且企業(yè)也 ?在向這個方 ?向發(fā)展 。 ” 而且 ， 工業(yè)工程師 ?已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了 ?這種競爭技 ?能 。 “ 工業(yè)工程那 ?時候在解決 ?問題 ， 制訂工作標(biāo) ?準(zhǔn)和工作簡 ?明化方面很 ?簡單 ” 有限公司的 ?經(jīng)理卡羅 .徹羅賓如是 ?說 。 On the other? hand, today?’ s IE has at his or her dispo? sal more techn? ology? and tools? than the IE of 30 years? ago could? have ever imagi?ned. New techn? ologi?es have impro?ved accur?acy and speed? and gener?ally have incre?ased the IE’ s abili?ty to cover? a more diver?se set of inter?ests. 另一方面 ， 現(xiàn)在的工業(yè) ?工程師可以 ?使用許多他 ?們 30 年前 ?的同行想都 ?想不到的技 ?術(shù)和工具 。 Today? ’ s pe?titiv?e globa?l econo?my and tight?er corpo?rate budge? ts are forci?ng IEs to deal with issue? s that were barel?y menti?oned a decad?e ago. Compa?nies are flatt?ening? corpo?rate struc? tures? 。 Real IE Value? 工業(yè)工程的 ?真正價值 Indus? trial? engin? eers are great? at solvi? ng probl?ems. Ironi? cally? enoug?h, there? is still? one ageold probl?em they unabl? e to solve?ident?ity. And the probl?em is not getti?ng any to solve?. In fact,“ ident?ity” is just one of sever?al chall?enges? curre?ntly facin?g the IE profe?ssion?. 工業(yè)工程師 ?非常善于解 ?決問題 。越來越 依賴 ?在現(xiàn)實環(huán)境 ?中不能切實 ?有效運用的 ?仿真模型就 ?是這一現(xiàn)象 ?的體現(xiàn)。 不幸的是 ， 嘗試有利于 ?教育導(dǎo)向的 ?改進(jìn)課程更 ?傾向于促進(jìn) ?科研的教育 ?， 從而就剝奪?了大多數(shù)學(xué) ?生在商業(yè)世 ?界里生存所 ?需要的技能 ?。 雖然這是必 ?需的途徑 ， 但是為了讓 ?學(xué)生使問題 ?得以解決 ， 它發(fā)展成為 ?一種程式化 ?的方法 。 與之相比 ， 工業(yè)績效評 ?估是對組織 ?目標(biāo)的實際 ?貢獻(xiàn)為指標(biāo) ?。 這個專業(yè)對 ?企業(yè)有何貢 ?獻(xiàn) ? The root of this ident? ity probl?em lies in the struc? tured? and isola?ted appro? ach of vario? us IE cours? es. This resul? ts in speci?aliza?tion that is too narro? w. For examp?le, gradu?ates today? tend to assoc?iate more with focus? ed profe?ssion?al socie?ties rathe?r than the gener?al IE. This is a distu?rbing? drift? that may destr?oy the ident?ity of IE as we now know it. 這些問題的 ?根源是由于 ?各種 IE 課 ?程結(jié)構(gòu)的和 ?孤立的方法 ?。 What separ?ates an IE from other? engin?eers? The acade? mic curri?culum? rarel?y empha?sizes? the funda?menta?l philo?sophy? of IE itsel?f. That philo?sophy? is a holis? tic appro? ach to desig? n, devel?opmen? t and imple? menta?tion of integ? rated? syste?ms of men, machi?nes and mater? ials. Stude? nts go throu? gh cours?es in opera?tions? resea? rch, manuf?actur? ing, human? facto?rs and so on witho? ut under?stand? ing the inter? relat?ionsh?ips betwe?en these? areas? and the syner?gisti?c impac?t this integ?rated? appro?ach has on manmachi?ne syste?ms. 在學(xué)院課程 ?中很少強(qiáng)調(diào) ? IE 自身的 ?哲學(xué)體系 ?？偟膩碚f，在培養(yǎng) IE?領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色方 ?面， IE 教育將 ?面對很大的 ?挑戰(zhàn)?？鐚W(xué)科教育 ?為達(dá)到這一 ?目的提供了 ?更全面的方 ?法 。 l 減少本科生 ?有關(guān)的實習(xí) ?實踐課程。 Samue?lson 曾 ?經(jīng)描述過關(guān) ?于浪費 ， 不精確的學(xué) ?術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ， 平庸的教學(xué) ?方法和獎學(xué) ?金等大學(xué)教 ?育的衰退現(xiàn) ?象 ， 這些特殊的 ?問題早已在 ?文獻(xiàn)中被引 ?證。 l Decre?asing? relev?ance of under?gradu?ate cours?es to real world? pract?ice. 理論和實踐 ? 教學(xué)決定著 ?科研的核心 ?， 同時 ， 科研也反過 ?來影響著教 ?學(xué) 。 ” 的確 ， 仔細(xì)回顧工 ?業(yè)工程課程 ?能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)需 ?要改進(jìn)的地 ?方 ， 這就有助于 ?避免過時的?， 不能應(yīng)用于 ?當(dāng)今社會要 ?求的課程。 但是 ， 由于學(xué)術(shù)界 ?的獨特性 ， 重新定義全 ?面質(zhì)量是必 ?要的 ， 這與理論的 ?進(jìn)程是一致 ?的。 很多教育者 ?已經(jīng)意識到 ?工程教育實 ?施的這種方 ?式在很多年 ?中有了很大 ?的變化 ， 并且意識到 ?工程教育中 ?的改善是必 ?要的 ， 教育者 、 雇主和從業(yè) ?者提倡用設(shè) ?計和實踐的 ?觀念 ， 通過工程課 ?程使其有一 ?個較好的科 ?學(xué)的綜合 。如果這個 角 ?色成功執(zhí)行 ?的話 ， 在工業(yè)工程 ?本科教育過 ?程中 ， 改進(jìn)是必須 ?的。UNIT ONE Indus?trial? Engin?eerin?g Educa?tion for the 21st Centu?ry 21 世紀(jì)的 ?工業(yè)工程教 ?育 The 21st centu? ry is just a few years? away. Strat?egic plann?ers all over the world? are using? the year 2020 as the point? futur?e busin?ess activ?ities?. Are we all ready? for that time? As the indus?trial? world? prepa?res to meet the techn?ologi?cal chall?enges? of the 21st centu?ry, there? is a need to focus? on the peopl?e who will take it there? . Peopl?e will be the most impor?tant of the “ manmachi?nemater?ial”