【正文】 His earlier work involved the clarification of rubber synthesis reactions, cyclic carbon pounds used in perfumes and lithium in anic reactions. Ziegler39。polymerization of ethylene ,propylene,dienes and cycloolefins to lightweight,highaddedvalue engineering materials,which keep the carbon content locked in a solid form, is a very “green” activity. Modern 高分子科學(xué) Polymer Science 高分子化學(xué) Polymer Chemistry 高分子物理 Polymer Physics 高分子材料 Polymer Material 歷史人物 Storied Characters H .Staudinger (German， 1881～ 1965) 1. Organic Chemist and Polymer Chemist . 23, born in Worms . 8, died in Freeburg . 1903, he studied at Darmstadt, Munich and Halle and obtained his doctorate . 1912, he was appointed associate professor at the Polytechnic in Karlsruhe, moved to Zurich and finally to the University of Freeburg in 1926. In 1910,he recognised that the current theories for the structure of natural rubber were incorrect. The controversies surrounding naturally occurring large molecules and experimental difficulties in studying them led him to look at materials based on simpler molecules such as styrene. He introduced the concept of macromolecules, a term which he coined, and polymerisation in May 1922, in a report which appeared in Helvetica Chimica Acta. He met Wallace Carothers at a conference in Cambridge in 1935, following which he included polyesters in his studies of the properties of dilute polymer solutions from which he discovered the relationship between viscosity and molecular weight. Towards the end of his career he turned his attention back to biological macromolecules and what is now called molecular biology. 1920 On Polymer 《 論聚合 》 首次提出聚合就是小分子依靠化學(xué)鍵結(jié)合起來(lái)，形成大分子的過(guò)程的理論，并提出了聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛、天然橡膠的線型長(zhǎng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)式 1932 The highmolecular pounds 《 高分子有機(jī)化合物 》 首次提出了合成大分子具有多分散性，且物理性質(zhì)具有分子量依賴性，標(biāo)志著高分子化學(xué)的誕生。 主要貢獻(xiàn) G .Natta (Italian， 1903～ 1979) . , born in Imperia, Italy. ,died in Bergamo. 1924, he graduated in Chemical Engineering at the Polytechnic of Milan and teach there in 1927. 19361938, fullprofessor and director of the Institute of Industrial Chemistry at the Polytechnic of Turin. Since 1938, he has been fullprofessor and director of the Department of Industrial Chemistry at the Milan Polytechnic. Italian Chemist Prof. Natta began his career with a study of solids by means of Xrays and electron diffraction. He then used the same methods for studying catalysts and the structure of some high anic polymers. His kiic research on methanol synthesis, on selective hydrogenation of unsaturated anic pounds and on oxosynthesis led to an understanding of the mechanism of these reactions and to an improvement in the selectivity of catalysts. He developed new uses for the mercial synthesis of methanol, formaldehyde, succinic acid and butyraldehyde. His intensive interest in and studies of polymers in conjunction with the Italian firm Montecatini led in 1953 to his use of Ziegler catalysts for the polymerisation of propylene. He also developed catalyst systems for producing syndiotactic polypropylene. he contribution of Natta to the development of high polymers of profound use in the manufacture of films, fibres, synthetic rubber, etc., has provided a major building block towards our current domestic and mercial society. ? 以丁烯脫氫制成丁二烯 ,發(fā)展了合成橡膠單體 的制備方法 ? 以三氯化鈦和烷基鋁為催化劑 ,丙烯在低壓下高收率地聚合 ,生成 分子結(jié)構(gòu)高度規(guī)整的立體定向聚合物 —— 聚丙烯 ? 進(jìn)一步成功地將其催化劑分別用于丁烯和 4甲基 1戊烯的立體定向聚合 ,首先制成了分子結(jié)構(gòu)高度規(guī)整的聚丁烯和聚甲基戊烯 ? 以釩鹵化物和烷基鋁為催化劑 ,使乙烯和丙烯共聚合制成無(wú)規(guī)結(jié)構(gòu)的乙丙橡膠 主要貢獻(xiàn) 立體規(guī)整聚合 Plastic、 Rubble、 Fibre Nobel Prize in Chemistry 聚丙烯聚合環(huán)烯烴 環(huán)烯烴聚合 非烯單體 1963， Ziegler、 Natta在高分子 合成化學(xué)和工藝領(lǐng)域中的發(fā)現(xiàn) for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers ZieglerNatta polymerization is a method of vinyl polymerization. It39。rieure 19551959, research engineer at the Atomic Energy Center. 1961, assistant professor in Orsay and soon started the Orsay group on supraconductors. 1968, switched to liquid crystals. 1971, became Professor at the Coll232。 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan (1983) The Society of Polymer Science, Japan (2022) The Order of Culture from Japanese Government(2022) awards 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Alan J. Heeger and Alan G. MacDiarmid for the discovery and development of conductive polymers Ryoji Noyori （野依良治 ） (Japanese， 1938～ ) 6. Organic Chemist . , born in Kobe,Japan. 1961, graduated from the Kyoto University, Faculty of Engineering. 19691970, went to Harvard University as a postdoctoral associate. 1972, appointed Professor at Nagoya University, and assumed his current positions in 2022. Ryoji Noyori and his research group designed and synthesized chiral pounds such as diphosphinebinapthyl or BINAP which, when plexed with transition metals, form chiral hydrogenation catalysts. The BINAPruthenium(II) plex was used to produce the antiinflammatory agent naproxen in high enantiometric purity and in very high yield. For this important work, Ryoji Noyori shared onehalf of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2022) with William S. Knowles for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions. The other half was awarded to K. Barry Sharpless. The Laureates have opened up a pletely new field of research in which it is