【正文】 before quality declined due to excessive heat. In 2003 and 2004, tobacco ripened slowly, followed by a rapid decline in quality due to excessive rainfall. As a result, there was only a 10 day window to harvest tobacco at the optimum value per acre.2002年，在我們的試驗中，煙葉成熟很快，但由 于過多的熱量煙葉在質量下降之前保持了10～20天。成熟速率是由氮吸收、降雨量、溫度、根系健康狀況和品種所決定的。Control of sucker growth is critical to maximizing yield because it allows the plant to concentrate resources on the production of leaves instead of suckers. Suckers can also interfere with mechanical harvesting and bee a significant source of foreign matter in cured leaves. The key to successful sucker control is proper timing of suckercide application and use of proper rates of contacts and systemics.抑制腋芽生長對最大限度地增產(chǎn)是很關鍵的，因為它使植株把資源集中到葉片而非腋芽的生產(chǎn)。9 / 9Topping and Sucker ControlTopping tobacco in the button stage (soon after the flower begins to appear) rather than later increases yield and body if suckers are controlled. When tobacco plants are not topped for three weeks after reaching the button stage, yields are reduced by 20 to 25 pounds per acre per day, or about 1 percent per acre per day when normal yields are in the 2,000 to 2,500poundsperacre range. 打頂和腋芽控制如果控制腋芽，煙草在現(xiàn)蕾期打頂比現(xiàn)蕾期之后打頂能夠提高產(chǎn)量、增加身份。Many growers spend considerable time choosing among sidedressers such as calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, 30 percent UAN liquid, and 24S UAN liquid. However, the data indicate that in the southeastern United States the rate and time of application are more important than the sidedresser. Unless leaching occurs, nitrogen should not be applied after layby. Late season application delays ripening and results in variegatedunripe grades. 許多種植者花費了相當多的時間選擇側施肥料，比如硝酸鈣、硝酸鈉、30％的UAN(尿素硝銨)液體肥料和24S的UAN液體肥料。 ●腋芽數(shù)增加，腋芽控制效果降低。 ●葉面積增大，但葉厚度減小。價格表將反映對煙葉質量的重視，未熟等級將大幅降價。Lesson 5 Agronomic Management Practices Affecting Tobacco QualityNew Words amp。 in contrast to 對、和……相比Priming n. picking up 采收，采摘Burley n. a thinbodied aircured tobacco grown mainly in Kentucky白肋煙TextIn 2005, tobacco will be produced and marketed without price support for the first time since 1939. Price schedules will reflect an emphasis on quality, with deep discounts for unripe and immature grades. In the postbuyout environment, profitability will be directly related to the marketing of quality tobacco produced at the lowest cost. A number of management practices affect tobacco quality. Some of the most important are as follows: 在2005年，煙草將自1939年以來第一次在沒有價格支持下生產(chǎn)和銷售。隨著氮用量的增加，將會出現(xiàn)以下情況： ●產(chǎn)量增加到一定值，然后下降。 ●調制后葉片變黑