【正文】 mistakenly viewed adversely for consumer products yet is typical for mercial products ?商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù) 通常是一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)借款企業(yè)表現(xiàn)的早期指標(biāo) Commercial data often an early indicator of performance ? 在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)付款行為中，應(yīng)區(qū)分商業(yè)習(xí)慣和付款能力的差別 Difference between standard payment as part of business practices and capacity issues ? 小企業(yè)選擇最先償還銀行貸款，其次是付水電氣等公用事業(yè)費(fèi)，最后才是付供應(yīng)商的貨款 Small businesses pay their banks first, utilities second and vendors last 17 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 中 國(guó)的中小企業(yè)：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)力 SMEs in China: An Engine for Growth ? 中國(guó)政府希望中小企業(yè)在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中發(fā)揮更加重要的作用 Chinese Government expecting SMEs to play an increasing important role in China’s economic growth. ? 起草了一系列支持中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的鼓勵(lì)政策，舉辦了諸如 2022年第 3屆中小企業(yè)融資大會(huì)等促進(jìn)借貸雙方交流的活動(dòng) Series of preferential policies drafted to support SMEs as well as initiatives such as Financing Fair during 3rd CISMEF in 2022 to bridge SMEs with Lenders. ? 僅廣東一省，就有 38萬(wàn)家私營(yíng)中小企業(yè)，總投資超過(guò) 5000億元人民幣（合625億美元），雇用員工總數(shù)超過(guò) 350萬(wàn)人 Guangdong alone has registered more than 380,000 privatelyrun SMEs, total investment more than RMB 500 billion (USD billion) and employs more than million people. ? 雖然中小企業(yè)被認(rèn)為是主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量，但是卻仍然較難獲得銀行貸款，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)趥鹘y(tǒng)上被認(rèn)為是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)且服務(wù)成本較高的對(duì)象 Though SMEs are recognized as an important sector of the economy, accessing bank financing remains difficult as SMEs are traditionally perceived as highrisk amp。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設(shè)定背景（美國(guó)）：對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn) Setting the context (US): Economic relevance ?不管基于何種定義，小企業(yè)都代表了美國(guó)全部企業(yè)數(shù)的 95％－ 98％ Small businesses, regardless of definition, represent 95% to 98% of all . businesses ? ％的總就業(yè)人口 % of all employers ? 39％的高科技企業(yè)工人 39% of workers in high tech ? 60％－ 80％的新就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) 6080% of all new jobs ? 50％的非農(nóng)業(yè)私營(yíng)部門(mén)產(chǎn)出和 ％的聯(lián)邦主包 /分包合同金額 50% of nonfarm private sector output and % of federal prime/subcontractor dollars ? 53％的企業(yè)為住家辦公型企業(yè)， 3％為特許經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè) 53% of businesses are home bases and 3% are franchises 12 169。沒(méi)有一個(gè)固定的規(guī)則 … 是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的隨時(shí)可能變動(dòng)的目標(biāo) Size standards are determined by Industry and Industry Classification. No one rule…a plex moving target ? 美國(guó)小企業(yè)局曾于 2022年考慮將小企業(yè)定義中的員工人數(shù)指標(biāo)擴(kuò)大到 1500人。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設(shè)定背景（歐盟）：對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn) Setting the context (EU): Economic relevance ?微型和中小企業(yè)對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)起著十分重要的作用 Micro, small and mediumsized enterprises are socially and economically important ? 歐盟 99％的企業(yè)為微型和中小企業(yè) Represent 99% of all enterprises in the EU ? 這些企業(yè)提供了 6500萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) Provide around 65 million jobs ? 為放貸人帶來(lái)許多業(yè)務(wù)成長(zhǎng)機(jī)會(huì) Lot’s of growth opportunities for lenders ? 2022年 Eurobarometer對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的調(diào)查：在過(guò)去三年中，只有 4％的歐洲人參與了企業(yè)創(chuàng)辦（而美國(guó)的這一比例接近 12％） 2022 Eurobarometer survey on entrepreneurship: Only 4% of Europeans involved in setting up a business in last 3 years (US rate is close to 12%) 7 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. ?導(dǎo)言 Introduction ?中小企業(yè)的定義 The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) defined ?數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)中小企業(yè)信貸決策的作用 The Relevance of Data for SME decisionmaking ?貫穿中小企業(yè)客戶生命周期的信貸評(píng)分工具 Credit Scoring across the SME account life cycle ?結(jié)論 Conclusion 議程 AGENDA 3 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 征信產(chǎn)品在商業(yè)銀行信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理中的應(yīng)用高級(jí)研討會(huì) 信貸評(píng)分方法在建立可持續(xù)的中小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務(wù)中的作用 What Roles Can Credit Scoring Methodology Play in Building Sustainable SME Portfolio 2 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設(shè)定背景（歐盟）：歐洲委員會(huì)關(guān)于中小企業(yè)的官方定義 Setting the context (EU): European Commission official definition of an SME* ?具有以下特征的企業(yè) … A business entity that… ? 員工人數(shù)少于 250人 Has no more than 250 employees ? 單個(gè)更大企業(yè)股東單獨(dú)或聯(lián)合持有的股份少于 25％ Is not more than 25% owned, either singly or jointly, by a larger pany ? 年銷(xiāo)售額少于 4300萬(wàn)歐元 Has an annual turnover of no more than €43 million *歐洲委員會(huì)－－布魯塞爾， 2022年 5月 6日 European Commission – Brussels May 6, 2022 6 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設(shè)定背景（美國(guó)）：小企業(yè)的定義 Setting the context (US): Small business definition ? 年銷(xiāo)售額不超過(guò) 500萬(wàn)美元 Annual Sales of up to $5 million ? 信貸額不超過(guò) 25萬(wàn)美元 Credit of up to $250,000 ? 小企業(yè)的類(lèi)型 Types of Small Businesses: ? 個(gè)人獨(dú)資 Sole Proprietors ? 合伙制 Partnerships ? 公司制 Corporations ? 美國(guó) ” 官方 “ 定義 The “Official” US Definition: 美國(guó)的小企業(yè)是指獨(dú)立擁有和經(jīng)營(yíng)的，在其行業(yè)領(lǐng)域不占主導(dǎo)地位的，符合美國(guó)小企業(yè)管理局發(fā)布的（ 《 聯(lián)邦法規(guī)匯編 》 第 13篇第 121條，修訂條款）有關(guān)小企業(yè)的員工人數(shù)、平均年銷(xiāo)售額或其它劃分指標(biāo)的企業(yè) A small business is a . business that is independently owned and operated, is not dominant in its field of operation and can qualify under criteria concerning number of employees, average annual receipts or other criteria as outlined by the . Small Business Administration (CFR Title 13, Part 121, as amended) ? 企業(yè)規(guī)模標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依據(jù)不同行業(yè)和行業(yè)分類(lèi)來(lái)決定。 1997 study conducted by the . Census Bureau, 98% of sole proprietorships, partnerships and private corporations are consider