【正文】 lined by the . Small Business Administration (CFR Title 13, Part 121, as amended) ? 企業(yè)規(guī)模標準依據(jù)不同行業(yè)和行業(yè)分類來決定。沒有一個固定的規(guī)則 … 是一個復雜的隨時可能變動的目標 Size standards are determined by Industry and Industry Classification. No one rule…a plex moving target ? 美國小企業(yè)局曾于 2022年考慮將小企業(yè)定義中的員工人數(shù)指標擴大到 1500人。 The SBA definition may change in 2022 to include businesses with up to 1500 employees 10 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設定背景（美國）：對經(jīng)濟的貢獻 Setting the context (US): Economic relevance ?傳統(tǒng)上，美國的企業(yè)被劃分為大型、中型和小型 . businesses were traditionally classified as either large, medium or small ? 個人獨資企業(yè)大約占了企業(yè)總數(shù)的 73％ Approximately 73% of businesses are sole proprietorships ? 另外 6％為合伙制企業(yè) Another 6% are legally filed as partnerships, ? 21％為私營公司制企業(yè) 21% are filed as private corporations ?美國人口調查局 1997年的研究顯示，按員工人數(shù)和年銷售額這兩個指標進行劃分，全國 98％的個人獨資企業(yè)、合伙制企業(yè)和私營公司制企業(yè)都是小企業(yè)。 1997 study conducted by the . Census Bureau, 98% of sole proprietorships, partnerships and private corporations are considered small businesses based upon employee size and annual sales volume. 11 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設定背景（美國）：對經(jīng)濟的貢獻 Setting the context (US): Economic relevance ?不管基于何種定義，小企業(yè)都代表了美國全部企業(yè)數(shù)的 95％－ 98％ Small businesses, regardless of definition, represent 95% to 98% of all . businesses ? ％的總就業(yè)人口 % of all employers ? 39％的高科技企業(yè)工人 39% of workers in high tech ? 60％－ 80％的新就業(yè)機會 6080% of all new jobs ? 50％的非農(nóng)業(yè)私營部門產(chǎn)出和 ％的聯(lián)邦主包 /分包合同金額 50% of nonfarm private sector output and % of federal prime/subcontractor dollars ? 53％的企業(yè)為住家辦公型企業(yè)， 3％為特許經(jīng)營企業(yè) 53% of businesses are home bases and 3% are franchises 12 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 中小企業(yè)風險管理的要點：中小企業(yè)信貸將對經(jīng)濟健康產(chǎn)生影響 The point of SME risk management: SME lending impacts economic health ? 中小企業(yè)信貸將對一國的經(jīng)濟健康和放貸機構的利潤率產(chǎn)生影響 SME lending impacts both economic health of a nation and institutional profitability “信貸評分技術為（美國）市場發(fā)展打下了基礎 … 它使貸款人能夠建立起高度多元化的貸款組合，從而大幅降低信貸風險。（信貸評分）在改善我們的信貸發(fā)放系統(tǒng)效率和擴大發(fā)放范圍方面也起到了主要作用，它使貸款人擴大了它們愿意放貸并能從中獲利的借款人基礎。 ” “ Creditscoring technologies have served as the foundation for the development of [.] markets…allowing lenders to build highly diversified loan portfolios that substantially mitigate credit risk. [Credit scoring has] played a major role in promoting the efficiency and expanding the scope of our creditdelivery systems and allowing lenders to broaden the population they are willing and able to serve profitably.” 美聯(lián)儲主席艾倫 ?格林斯潘 在美國銀行協(xié)會會議上的講話 2022年 10月 7日 Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, Remarks before the American Bankers Association, October 7, 2022 “隨著經(jīng)濟活動不斷增強，以及企業(yè)對其客戶的需求越來越有信心，企業(yè)對貸款的需求將會增加，銀行業(yè)面臨的利潤壓力將會開始緩解 ” “ As economic activity continues to grow and businesses bee more confident about their customers’ demands, business loan demand should increase, and pressures on banking margins should begin to ease.” 美聯(lián)儲主席艾倫 ?格林斯潘 在美國獨立社區(qū)銀行大會上的講話（通過衛(wèi)星聯(lián)線）， 2022年 3月 17日 Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, Remarks Before the Independent Community Bankers of America Convention, via satellite March 17, 2022 13 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 中 國的中小企業(yè)：經(jīng)濟增長的動力 SMEs in China: An Engine for Growth ? 中國政府希望中小企業(yè)在中國經(jīng)濟增長中發(fā)揮更加重要的作用 Chinese Government expecting SMEs to play an increasing important role in China’s economic growth. ? 起草了一系列支持中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的鼓勵政策，舉辦了諸如 2022年第 3屆中小企業(yè)融資大會等促進借貸雙方交流的活動 Series of preferential policies drafted to support SMEs as well as initiatives such as Financing Fair during 3rd CISMEF in 2022 to bridge SMEs with Lenders. ? 僅廣東一省，就有 38萬家私營中小企業(yè)，總投資超過 5000億元人民幣（合625億美元），雇用員工總數(shù)超過 350萬人 Guangdong alone has registered more than 380,000 privatelyrun SMEs, total investment more than RMB 500 billion (USD billion) and employs more than million people. ? 雖然中小企業(yè)被認為是主要的經(jīng)濟力量，但是卻仍然較難獲得銀行貸款，因為它們在傳統(tǒng)上被認為是高風險且服務成本較高的對象 Though SMEs are recognized as an important sector of the economy, accessing bank financing remains difficult as SMEs are traditionally perceived as highrisk amp。 high cost to service 14 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. ?導言 Introduction ?中小企業(yè)的定義 The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) defined ?數(shù)據(jù)對中小企業(yè)信貸決策的作用 The Relevance of Data for SME decisionmaking ?貫穿中小企業(yè)客戶生命周期的信貸評分工具 Credit Scoring across the SME account life cycle ?結論 Conclusion 議程 AGENDA 15 169。 2022 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 從其它國家市場中可以學習到的主要知識 Key Learnings from other markets ? 數(shù)據(jù)是最重要的 Data are paramount ? 成功依賴于持續(xù)地獲取、保留和利用所有相關數(shù)據(jù)的能力 Success depends on the ability to capture, retain and use all relevant data over time ? 數(shù)據(jù)清洗是必需的步驟 Data hygiene is a required step ? 預測模型和分