【正文】 next Monday morning and Thursday evening.B: Oh, well, I have marketing and economics Monday mornings and Thursday.A:（5）OH, you are taking the marketing class? Who’s teaching it?B: It’s Professor Largin Intro to Marketing. Hr hasn’t mentioned the study though.A: Oh, well, the marketing department’s pretty big. I happen to be friends with a woman who is doing the TV study. Ok, well, we don’t want you missing class. How’s Thursday?B: Oh, I work from 5 till 9 that night.A: Hmm, no flexibility with your schedule? Where do you work?B: At Fox’s Diner. I’m a server.A: Oh, I like Fox’s. I eat there every week. Maybe you could switch shifts with someone.B: I’m still in training. And the only night my trainer works is Thursday.A: Look! (4)I know the owners there really well. Why don’t you let me give them a call and explain the situation?B: OK! It’d be cool to be part of a real research study. And the gift certificate wouldn’t hurt either.詞匯：outline n. 大綱；概要emergence n. 出現(xiàn)discipline n. 學科solid adj. 可靠的；結實的episode n. 一段情節(jié)gift certificate 禮品券sponsor v. 贊助time slot 時間空檔shift n. 輪班題目：1. What is the conversation mainly about?解析：主旨題，注意”It’s about”后面的內容。s head from a statue? Click on 2 answers解析：細節(jié)題，定位remove the emperor39。s view of the Roman copies of Greek statues?解析：推斷題。文中提出一系列針對太陽黑子周期和地球地磁周期關系的假設，為了證實它們的關系，做了一系列科學研究得出最終結論。s research?解析：意圖推測題。答案：Sunspots are shadows of planets crossing the Sun9. What was the importance of Schwabe39。文中說人們認為天體都是完美的，沒有瑕疵，與太陽表面有太陽黑子的想法違背。答案：To imply that the student might not like the job that is availableLecture 1（學科分類——天文學）Narrow：Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.Professor：We are going to start a study of sunspots today, and I think you’ll find it rather interesting. Now I’m going to assume that you know that sunspots, in the most basic terms, are dark spots on the Sun’s surface. That will do for now. The ancient Chinese were the first to record observations of sunspots as early as the year 165. （7）When later European astronomers wrote about sunspots, they didn’t believe that the spots were actually on the Sun. That’s because of their belief at the time that the heavenly bodies, the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Planets, were perfect, without any flaws or blemishes. So the opinion was the spots were actually something else, like shadows of planets crossing the Sun’s face. And this was the thinking of European astronomers until the introduction of the telescope, which brings us to our old friend, Galileo.In the early 1600s, based on his observations of sunspots. （8）Galileo proposed a new hypothesis. He pointed out that the shape of sunspots, well, the sunspots weren’t circular. If they were shadows of the planets, they would be circular, right? So that was a problem for the prevailing view. And he also noticed that the shape of the sunspots changed as they seemed to move across the Sun’s surface. Maybe a particular sunspot was sort of square, then later it would bee more lopsided, then later something else. So there is another problem with the shadow hypothesis, because the shape of a planet doesn’t change. What Galileo proposed was that sunspots were indeed a feature of the Sun, but he didn’t know what kind of feature. He proposed that they might be clouds in the atmosphere, the solar atmosphere, especially because they seemed to change shape and there was no predicting the changes, at least nothing Galileo could figure out. That random shape changing would be consistent with the spots being clouds. Over the next couple hundred years, a lot of hypotheses were tossed around. The spots were mountains or holes in the solar atmosphere through which the dark surface of the Sun could be seen. Then in 1843, an astronomer named Heinrich Schwabe, made an interesting claim. Schwabe had been watching the Sun every day that it was visible for 17 years, looking for evidence of a new planet. And he started keeping tracks of sunspots, mapping them, so he wouldn’t confuse them with any potential new planet. （9）In the end, there was no planet, but there was evidence that the number of sunspots increased and decreased in a pattern, a pattern that began repeating after 10 years, and that was a huge breakthrough. Another astronomer named Wolf kept track of the Sun for an even longer period, 40 years actually. （10）So Wolf did 40 years of research, and Schwabe did 17 years of research. I think there is a lesson there. Anyway, Wolf went though all records from various observatories in Europe and put together a history of sunspot observations going back about 100 years. From this information, he was able to confirm the existence of a pattern, a repeating cycle. But Wolf detected an 11year cycles not a 10year circle. 11year cycles? Dose that sound familiar to anyone? No? Well, geomagnetic activity, the natural variations in Earth’s magnetic field, it fluctuates in 11year cycles. Well, we’ll cover this later in this semester, but for now, well, scientists in the late 19th century were aware of geomagnetic cycles, so when they heard that the sunspots’ cycle was also 11 years, well, they just had to find out what was going on. （11） Suddenly, everyone was doing studies of the possible relationship between the Sun and the Earth. Did the sunspots cause the geomagnetic fields or did the geomagnetic fields cause the sunspots? Or is there some other thing that caused both? And astronomers did eventually figure out what sunspots had to do with magnetic fields. Actually they are magnetic fields. And the fact that sunspots are magnetic fields accounts for their dark appearance. That’s because magnetic fields reduce the pressure exerted on the gases inside of them, making the spots cooler than the rest of the Sun’s surface. And since they are cooler, they are darker.詞匯：sunspots n. 太陽黑子heavenly body 天體flaw n. 缺陷；裂縫blemish n. 瑕疵；缺點hypothesis n. 假設prevailing adj. 流行的；盛行的square n. 正方形lopsided adj. 不平衡的feature n. 特色