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英語(yǔ)專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文--淺析肢體語(yǔ)言禁忌在中西文化中的差異-全文預(yù)覽

  

【正文】 end the taboos of sitting between China and West so as not to make humiliation. CrouchingThe posture of crouching also refer to culture vary from country to country. In China, especially in the rural area, crouching is mon. A great many people regard it as a natural posture of taking a rest, like the peasant living in shanxi and shanxi provinces of China, people rather crouch than sit down while on the table (Hu, 1995). Nevertheless, every literate person particularly those who received higher education seldom take a crouch as a habit. However, in AngloAmerican, people regard this posture as taboo in body language universally because it is not only inelegant but also unable to keep balance with body. WalkingIn the old days, it is said that, a joke of Europe, the European seems to have no knees, both legs are always upright and never bend while walking, which is widely spread in the eastern (Hu, 1995). Former Soviet Union has a joke that the posture of American walking appears that all the land under their feet belong to them (Hu, 1995). Researched in China, Leger Brosnahan found that Chinese dislike British walking behavior and he thought that in the Englishspeaking country, people walk formally with a soldier’s standard whereas in China, people walk casually and courteously(Leger Brosnahan,1991). However, in social life and workplace, people in the Englishspeaking country all try hard to avoid running no matter how urgent matters are and they put running down as indelicate. Taboos of TouchTo municate with others by body touching, touch behavior is one of the most basic behaviors of body language in human munication, including hugging, kissing, shaking hands, etc. Long before people have found that some nations had high contact with each other by body touching while some had low contact so that people divide the culture into “contact culture” and “l(fā)owcontact culture”(Hu,1999). Arabian, Jew, people in southern and western of Europe and people use Latin as mother tongue belong to the former. Besides, American, Nordic and Oriental belong to the latter. In highcontact culture, people regard body touching as part of munication. To consider lowcontact culture, Chinese usually meet and greet each other just by nodding。 nations of middle or Western Europe like Germany, British and Holland take the second。 on the other hand, the other is measured with the standard of one’s own country. Therefore, the misunderstanding of body language in the crosscultural munication mon occurrence, especially in business munication, can bring about failure in negotiations or immeasurable loss in economy (Carley, 1997).3. Taboos in Body Language Taboos of Facial ExpressionsThe most crucial and conspicuous facial expressions, for physiologic and biologic reasons, show a great variety of emotions on the face, such as angry, hate, fear, happy, sad and surprise. There is some mirror of facial expressions like “pull a long face” and “be all smiles”. However, the same expression may take so different meanings that it is not easy to prehend. SmilingSmiling is the mon nature of human beings. Nonetheless, in the munication, smiling has diverse meanings because of different cultures. In China, smiling refers to being happy or friendly as well as in America, but sometimes also expresses apology or embarrassment. Resulting in culture unlike, it is all too often to put the boot on the wrong foot. For instance, an American feels embarrassed when knocking over a dish while eating and then nearby, a Chinese gives fort to him by smiling which means “it doesn’t matter” or “don’t mention it”, etc. Nevertheless, the American feels he is sneered at by others and gets angry and takes an aversion to that smiling. SmackingPeople smacking indicates food is tasty while they are eating in china, but quite the reverse in British, which means food is vapid. Likewise, it is the symbol to overexaggerate agony and sorrow in the Mediterranean. Therefore, do not smack at table to keep polite and to lessen the chance of misunderstanding. Covering the MouthBoth Chinese and westerners may do the action of covering their mouths. Chinese covering their mouths refers to whispering with people or avoiding saliva out of mouth whereas the British and the Americans consider it is to conceal a lie. Therefore, people had better not do that in case they make a negative effect when municating with others (Li, 2000). Taboos of Eye ContactEye contact is the bridge of passing on information. Different eye contact reflects disparate thought, as well as psychology effect. As an important aspect of body language, eye contact has dissimilar rules in the distinct culture, westerners regard eye contact directly as honesty, howbeit Chinese think it is short of respect even offence. However, long time to contact with each other can be deemed to unsuitable。s Collegiate Dictionary says body language is the gestures, movements, and mannerisms by which a person or an animal municates with others. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics thinks it is a term in semiotics for the systematic use of facial expression and body gesture to municate meaning, especially as these relate to the use of language (e. g. when a smile or a frown alters the interpretation of a sentence) (David, 2008). To summarize, body language delivers a message to make the conversation with each other go on in term of acts of the parts of a body, including facial expression, eye contact, gesture, posture and touch, etc.Body language of human beings has something similar among those who speak varied languages, live in different regions and have diverse cultures, so they can municate effectively to some extent. Moreover, body language as well as language is the vehicle of culture, and is a set of clear, definite and model sign which es into existence from the
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