【正文】 dom series of numbers.“With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,”Ericsson recalls.“He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.” This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not geically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a , it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on oute. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we monly call talent is highly , put another way, expert performers— whether in memory or surgery, ballet or puter programming— are nearly always made, not born. 21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to ［ A］ stress the importance of professional training. ［ B］ spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup. ［ C］ introduce the topic of what makes expert performance. ［ D］ explain why some soccer teams play better than others. 22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means ［ A］ fun.［ B］ craze.［ C］ hysteria.［ D］ excitement. 23. According to Ericsson, good memory ［ A］ depends on meaningful processing of information. ［ B］ results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises. ［ C］ is determined by geic rather than psychological factors. ［ D］ requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration. 24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that ［ A］ talent is a dominating factor for professional success. ［ B］ biographical data provide the key to excellent performance. ［ C］ the role of talent tends to be overlooked. ［ D］ high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture. 25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? ［ A］ “Faith will move mountains.” ［ B］ “One reaps what one sows.” ［ C］ “Practice makes perfect.” ［ D］ “Like father, like son.” 注： 年真題（ 1994年 — 2022 年）中出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)。 ［方法對策］首先抓住主句 ,然后再分析其他分句即可 。 難句 2If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. ［語法分析］本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：條件從句 +主句，主句的主干為： you would find + 賓語 +賓語補足語； ［本句難點］本句句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單 。 難句 3This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not geically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. ［語法分析］本句主要結(jié)構(gòu) 為 :主語 +謂語 +雙賓語，主語為 This success，謂語為 led，其后為兩個賓語，一為 Erisson，一為 to conclude， conclude后為 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句； ［本句難點］本句中兩個逗號之間的內(nèi)容為插入語 ,影響閱讀 。 難句 4Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we monly call talent is highly , put another way, expert performers— whether in memory or surgery, ballet or puter programming— are nearly always made, not born. ［語法分析］第一句為簡單句，冒號后面的部分是 assertion的同位語，同位語從句主干為：the trait...is...，其中包含一個定語從句修飾 the trait；第二句的主干為 expert performers...are...made， not born， or和 put another way 是插入語； ［本句難點］從句和插入語比較難 。 21.［答案］ C ［解析］本文試圖回答一個問題：天才是如何出現(xiàn)的？是先天天生還是后天培養(yǎng)？科學(xué)家安德森 22.［答案］ B ［解析］ 本題一看即可知是詞匯性問題。而后天的培養(yǎng)是指對信息進行有意義的 “ 編碼記憶 ” （注：有點像 “ 聯(lián)想記憶 ” ）。由此可見，閱讀理解的真諦還在于“ 看懂 ” 文章（這需要詞匯和長難句兩方面的基本功）至于選項 A、 B、 C請參考后邊的譯文。 Three During the past generation, the American middle class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family , policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as ’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two paycheck a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback— a back up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell “ addedworker effect” could support the safety offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra ine from an otherwisestay at home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement , airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment younger families, the picture is not any the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen— and newly fashionable health savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dos