【正文】 create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being weled by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Greenpe ace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they bee overdeveloped. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts. The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiago? s territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these areas. But there are immense mercial pressures to exploit the country?s tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chile’ s natural riches. 26. Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by ___. A. geographical location B. guerrilla warfare C. political instability D. street crime 27. Many of Chile?s tourists used to e from EXCEPT ___. B. the Far East C. western Europe D. her neighbours 28. According to the author, Chile?s greatest attraction is ___. A. the unspoilt beaches B. the dry and hot desert C. the famous mountain range D. the high standard of services 29. According to the passage, in WHICH area improvement is already under way? A. Facilities in the ski resorts. B. Domestic transport system. C. Air services to Asia. D. Road work in the south. 30. The objection to the development of Chile’ s tourism might be all EXCEPT that it ___. A. is ambitions and unrealistic B. is politically sensitive C. will bring harm to culture D. will cause pollution in the area SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING (10 min) In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multipleChoice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer heet. TEXT E First read the question. 31. The main purpose of the passage is to ___. A. illustrate the features of willpower B. introduce ways to build up willpower C. explain the advantages of willpower D. define the essence of willpower Now go through the TEXT E quickly and answer the question. Willpower isn?t immutable trait we?re either born with or not. It is a skill that can be developed, strengthened and targeted to help us achieve our goals. “Fundamental among man?s inner powers is the tremendous unrealized potency of man?s own will,” wrote Italian psychologist Roberto Assagioli 25 years ago. The trained will is a masterful weapon, ”added Man Marlatt of the University of Washington, a psychologist who is studying how willpower helps people break habi ts and change their lives.“ The dictionary defines will power as control of one ?s impulses and actions. The key words are power and control. The power is there, but you have to control it.” Here, from Marlatt and other experts, is how to do that: Be positive. Don?t confuse willpower with selfdenial. Willpower is most dynamic when applied to positive, uplifting purposes. Positive willpower helps us overe inertia and focus on the future. When the going gets tough, visualize yourself happily and busily engaged in your goal , and you? ll keep working toward it. Make up your mind. James Prochaska, professor of psychology at the University of Rhode Island, has identified four stages in making a change. He calls them precontemplation (resisting the change), contemplation (weighing the pros and cons of the change), action ( exercising willpower to make the change), and maintenance (using willpower to sustain the change). Some people are “chronic contemplators,” Prochaska says. They know they should reduce their drinking but will have one mere cocktail while they consider the matter. They may never put contemplation into action. To focus and mobilize your efforts, set a deadline. Sharpen your will. In 1915, psychologist Boyd Barrett suggested a list of repetitive willtraining activitiesstepping up and down from a chair 30 times, spilling a box of matches and carefully replacing them one by one. These exerciss, he maintained, strengthen the will so it can confront more consequential and difficult challenges. New Jersey Sen. Bill Bradley was a basketball star with the champion New York Knicks. On top of regular practice, he always went to the gym early and practised foul shots alone. He was determined to be among the best form of the foul line. True to his goal, he developed the highest percentage of successful free throws on his team. Expect trouble. The saying“ Where there?s a will, there?s a way” is not the whole truth. Given the will, you still have to anticipate obstacles and plan how to deal with them. When professor of psychology Saul Shiffman of the University of Pittsburgh worked with reformed smokers who?s gone back to cigarettes, he found that many of them hadn?t considered how they? d cope with the urge to smoke. They had summoned the strength to quit, but couldn?t remain disciplined. The first time they were offered a cigarette, they went back to smoking. If you?ve given up alcohol, rehearse your answer for when you?re offered a drink. If you?re expecting to jog but wake up to a storm, have an indoor workout program ready. Be realistic. The strongest will may falter when the goal is to lose 50 pounds in three months or to exercise three hours a day. Add failure undercuts your desire to try again. Sometimes it?s best to set a series of small goals instead of a single big