【正文】 ce of its efforts to improve the service. B. criticize . News for not reporting its efforts to improve the safety record. C. inform the public of what it has achieved over the past decade. D. thank . News for informing the public of its efforts to reduce accident rate. 正確答案是 Now go through the text quickly and answer the question . December 20th 199_ Dear Editor, The American railroad industry39。 conventions of gentlemanly behaviour enable a man to act naturally as and individual within shared assumptions while taking his place in society. Politeness is no constraint, precisely because the manners... are no `code39。. Indeed advertise or bust seemed to be the rule of the day as bigger and more expensive campaigns were mounted and smaller firms who did not, or could not, advertise, were squeezed or bought out by the larger panies. 43. An example of a product which might well have been advertised during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution is ____. A. a cooking utensil. B. a new child39。 for the young girl, a source of healthy vigour。 arguments as well as eyecatching and witty slogans. Many advertisers followed his lead and started to include reasonwhy39。s attitude towards future full employment is generally ____. A. supportive. B. wavering. C. sceptical. D. unclear. 正確答案是 TEXT D During the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, advertising was a relatively straightforward means of announcement and munication and was used mainly to promote novelties and fringe products. But when factory production got into full swing and new products, . processed foods, came onto the market, national advertising campaigns and brandnaming of products became necessary. Before largescale factory production, the typical manufacturing unit had been small and adaptable and the task of distributing and selling goods had largely been undertaken by wholesalers. The small nonspecialised factory which did not rely on massive investment in machinery had been flexible enough to adapt its production according to changes in public demands. But the economic depression which lasted from 1873 to 1894 marked a turning point between the old method of industrial anisation and distribution and the new. From the beginning of the nieenth century until the 1870s, production had steadily expanded and there had been a corresponding growth in retail outlets. But the depression brought on a crisis of overproduction and underconsumption manufacture goods piled up unsold and prices and profits fell. Towards the end of the century many of the small industrial firms realised that they would be in a better position to weather economic depressions and slumps if they bined with other small businesses and widened the range of goods they produced so that all their eggs were not in one basket. They also realised that they would have to take steps to ensure that once their goods had been produced there was a market for them. This period ushered in the first phase of what economists now call monopoly capitalism39。 (5) in form rather than in substance。s hope it is indeed crumbling. 36. The researcher find that there are stronger connections between ____. A. low selfesteem and violence. B. low selfcontrol and violence. C. high selfimage and violence. D. high selfcontrol and violence. 正確答案是 37. The researchers would most probably agree with the following EXCEPT ____. A. selfesteem should be promoted and encouraged. B. schools should change their concept of selfesteem. C. the traditional view is beginning to lose ground. D. prisons should change their present practice. 正確答案是 TEXT B Social change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogeneous ones, simply because there are more diverse points of view available in the former. There are more ideas, more conflicts of interest, and more groups and anizations of different persuasions. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and tolerance in heterogeneous societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision rather than subjecting them to authority. In a quite homogeneous society, there are fewer occasions for people to perceive the need or the opportunity for change, because everything seems to be the same and, if not satisfactory, at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily (1) in the material aspects of the culture than in the nonmaterial, for example, in technology rather than in values。 accent, associated with (22) social classes. Its present status Decline in the prestige of RP is the result of a) loss of monopoly of education by the privileged。 GAPFILLING Direction: In this section you will hear a minilecture. You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to plete a 15minute gapfilling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for notetaking. ANSWER SHEET ONE Fill in each of the gaps with ONE suitable word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. The Rise of RP Historical reasons Received Pronunciation (RP) was originally associated with a (16) spoken in the region between central England and London, including Oxford and Cambridge. Its survival was due to its use by the (17) in the 14th century and by university students in the (18) Ages. Its rise in importance resulted from its application in government and official documents. The prestige