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四級閱讀完型英語詞匯閱讀練習(附答案)(部分附講解及翻譯)-全文預覽

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【正文】 沒有拼寫困難的情況下,怎樣鼓勵學生自由且 …… 地表達自己,選項中只有 confidently “自信地 “符合題意。 由該句中的 has 可知,此處應填動詞過去式,且表達的含義應和后面的 consider…unimportant 相近,故應排除 contained 和 expressed 而選擇 ignored 。篇章詞匯更側重于從篇章層面考查對單詞的理解和應用。 篇章詞匯題型的特點 篇章詞匯 ( Banked Cloze )考一篇長度為 220 個單詞左右的文章,在文章當中去除了 10 個單詞,后面由 15 個單詞選項,要求考生選擇正確的單詞填入文章。掌握這兩者之間的平衡很重要,對高級讀者而言更是如此。如果我們做出的猜測正確,對文章的提問會繼續(xù)在無意識中進行。 其中 If 引導的是條件壯語從句, to hold a process conversation with a text 作后置定語修飾句子的主語 our ability 。選項中有 developed “提高,加強 ”和 pared “比較 ”能與 ability 構成動賓搭配,但從句意理解,通常高級讀者與文章進行 “程序對話 ”的能力 …… ,故只有 developed 符合題意。可選項有 equally 和 absolutely ,但由 another 可推出,文章是在分別說明兩種對話方式,而沒有突出哪個更重要,故排除 absolutely 而選 equally 。但由 The former 和 the words on he page 可推出前一種人是從文中的字詞去理解文章,而字詞只能是被寫在文中,因此只有 written 符合題意。原文為 “我們會意識到溝通的存在,通常是在我們遇到難題或 …… 與 文章意思不符的時候 ”,故只有 expectations “所猜測的意思 ”符合題意。問題 “,但 higher 一般強調的是層次上的高低,因此不能用來修飾 question ,故只有 further “更進一步的 ”符合題意。 這位來自特拉華大學的心理學家認為:在較低的年級里,實行所謂的獎勵體系,即根據(jù)學生處理有挑戰(zhàn)性問題的表新給其判定分數(shù),以決定學生能否 得到有價值的獎勵。研究各種精神生活方面的認知派研究專家卻認為:由于獎勵助長了人們期望得到別人認同的心理和對物質獎勵的依賴心理,往往會破壞創(chuàng)造力。 導讀: Psychologists take opposing views( 意為 “持 有相反的觀點 ”,即說明了心理學家們對于外在的獎勵會怎樣影響一個人的動力與創(chuàng)造力,持有截然不同的看法 ) of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can L)improve performance at work and school. Cognitive( 認識派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on I)approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, F)especially among educators. But the careful use of small J)moary rewards speaks ( 意為 “表示,表達 ”,在此應理解為 “刺激 ” ) creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激 ) indeed G)aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively M)challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to C)kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for H)ordinary achievement ends uPwith uninspired students ( A teacher…uninspired students… ??蛇x項有 avoid 和 restore ,但由 tighten 可推出,既然是使平分標準 嚴格,那么就會有高分和低分,也會有不及格,故只有 restore “恢復 ”符合題意。由此句中 But 轉折與前一句中 show the most creativity 可以推出,此處應填的詞應與 show he most 表達的意思相反,且與 destroy 意思相近,故選項中只有 kill 符合題意。由 But 轉折可知,此舉表明的觀點與前者即行為學家所持的觀點一致,原文為 “適當?shù)亟o予獎勵刺激確實 …… 創(chuàng)造力 ”,選項中只有 aid “有助于(刺激) ”符合題意??蛇x項有 generally 和 especially ,但從文章后面所舉的例子來理解,此處是為了突出強調教育家支持認知派研究專家的看法,因此只有 especially “尤其,特別 ”符合題意。(一) Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 認識派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激 ) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades. In early grades, the use of socalled token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performancebased points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)moary K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent Answers: 1. 選 L 第一段主要提出了行為學家和認知派研究專家對于額外獎勵的不同看法,因此可以推出此處應填與 destroy 意思相反的動詞,可選項由 improve 和 aid ,但能與 performance 構成動賓搭配的只有 improve ,故排除 aid 。 3. 選 F 此處應填副詞。 5. 選 G 此處應填動詞。 7. 選 C 由 it its easy to do 結構可知,此處應填動詞。 9. 選 N 由空格前的 and 可知,此處應填動詞。原文為 “實行所謂象征性獎勵,在努力提高學生創(chuàng)造力方面有 …… , ”可選項有 promise 和 hope ,而 hope 是一般人主觀的愿望,希望,但此處強調的是 “ …… 有實現(xiàn)的可能性,有前景 ”,故排除 hope 而選 promise 。研 究行為和結果之間關系的行為學家認為:獎勵能夠提高人們的工作和學習表現(xiàn)。作為后一種觀點的一個例證,艾森貝格指出,主要的幾所大學都在為盡力嚴格評分標準和恢復不及格分而不斷努力。可選項有 higher 和 further ,原文為“根據(jù)答案反復提出。 3. 選 J 由空格后的 and meaning 可知,此處應填名詞,與 meaning 構成并列結構。 5. 選 D 因關系代詞 which 指代的是 prehension ,可知此處應填動詞的被動形式。 7. 選 C 顯然此處應填副 詞。 10. 選 E 此處應填動詞的被動形式。句中 which 和 that 指代的都是 conversation ) to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as A)opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the F)strategies we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability ( If we are…our ability… 。 大多數(shù)時候,這種溝通是在無意識中進行的,然而,有時候我們也會意識到溝通的存在,通常是在我們提到難題或猜測與文章意思不符時。前者代表了拘泥字面的理解方式,后者代表了更深層次的理解。通常高級讀者與文章進行 “程序對話 ”的能力很強,而與文章進行 “內容對話 ”的能力卻一般。完形填空的測
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