財(cái)務(wù)分析-costaccounting-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 initions –direct vs. indirect, fixed vs. variable –breakeven volume ?Exercises –cost allocation –breakeven volume ?Key takeaways Agenda bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 9 Cost Accounting G e n e r a la d m i n is ta tiv e e x p e n s e sS y s t e m s c o s tsI n ve n to r y c a r r y in g c o s tsW a l k i n g m o w e r sB ic y c l e sR id i n g m o w e r sA d d itio n a l u n a l l o c a te d c o s ts A d d itio n a l c o s t s r e a l l o c a te d$ 1 8 . 8 M M $ 1 8 . 8 M M$0$5$ 1 0$ 1 5$ 2 0Cost (Millions of Dollars)The Bain team also determined that an additional $ in costs should be allocated to the three products. Middle America Manufacturing Additional Costs bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 7 Cost Accounting Ri d in g mo w e r s B i cy cle s W a l kin g mo w e r s$ 2 5 .0M M$ 2 .4M M$ 1 .2M M$0$5$ 1 0$ 1 5$ 2 0$ 2 5$ 3 0Pretax Operating Profit (Millions of Dollars)Middle America Manufacturing, a Bain client, believed that all three of its product lines were profitable. Return on sales: % % % Sales: $250MM $100MM $75MM Middle America Manufacturing Estimated Profitability bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 5 Cost Accounting ?Historically, only 20% of manufacturing costs were “shared” across product lines. Today, typically 50% of costs are “shared” across products. Shared costs might include rent, freight, and administrative costs. ?For simplicity, accounting tracks costs by function (., materials, salaries, benefits) rather than by the activity devoted to product lines (., maintenance of product A, freight for product B) ?For costs that are not easily assigned to individual product lines, panies normally select the most convenient way to assign them, not necessarily the best way –for example, panies tend to allocate rent costs based on something that is easy to measure, such as direct labor dollars for each product line. A better allocation method, however, might be the actual space resource demands of each product line Most panies lack accurate cost data by product. Why Costs Are Often Not Allocated Correctly bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 3 Cost Accounting ?Importance of cost allocation ?Client example ?Definitions –direct vs. indirect, fixed vs. variable –breakeven volume ?Exercises –cost allocation –breakeven volume ?Key takeaways Agenda bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. bc BOS Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。A ?Office supplies ?Plant manager Rule of thumb: If a particular cost changes when production increases or decreases, the cost is variable. If a particular cost “goes away” when a product is dropped from the product line, the cost is direct. Types of Costs bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 14 Cost Accounting The following is an illustration of cost behavior for fixed, semivariable, and variable costs: Cost (Dollars) Volume (Units) Variable costs Semivariable costs Fixed costs Fixed vs. Variable Illustration bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 16 Cost Accounting Breakeven volume is the volume at which the pany covers its fixed costs. At breakeven volume, the operating profit is zero. Volume Contribution margin (., revenue less variable costs) Fixed costs Breakeven volume $ Operating Loss Fixed costs Unit contribution Price per unit Variable cost per unit Breakeven volume = Fixed costs = Operating Profit Contribution Margin Breakeven Volume bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 18 Cost Accounting ?Importance of cost allocation ?Client example ?Definitions –direct vs. indirect, fixed vs. variable –breakeven volume ?Exercises –cost allocation –breakeven volume ?Key takeaways Agenda bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 20 Cost Accounting How would you characterize the following costs over a time horizon in whi
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