【正文】 億噸 /年”；伴隨著“石油峰值”的臨近， 2020 年石油價格上沖至 147 美元 /桶，隨后全球金融危機爆發(fā)，油價短暫下沖至 50 美元 /桶，隨后全球經(jīng)濟緩慢復蘇， 2020 年油價又快速回升至 120 美元 /桶，全球的“ 高油價時代”、“世界石油峰值”已基本確認。作為 世界工業(yè) “血液 ”的石 油，極大的推進了世界經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，為 現(xiàn)代社會 提供了充足而寶貴的燃料能源和化工原料 ，人類社會由此進入石油時代。我國大型石油化工公司在“走出去”和“市場化”的過程中，遇到了公司治理不完善、科技水平不高、節(jié)能環(huán)保能力不夠、產(chǎn)品結構單一、低水平產(chǎn)能過剩、全球競爭力和盈利水平不足等問題，這些問題和困難阻止了我們的國家石油公司向國際石油公司轉型的步伐。 I 工商管理專業(yè)學位論文 國有 石油化工公司發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 淺析 摘 要 現(xiàn)代石油化工工業(yè)奠定了人類現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的基礎，是人類進入現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)社會的金鑰匙。 三家大型國有石 油化工公司是在上世紀 80 年代由國家行政部門改制成立，已基本建立了產(chǎn)權清晰、責權明確、政企分開、管理科學的 現(xiàn)代 企業(yè)制度 ，已成為全球能源市場中的重要參與者。 Abstract In today’s world, as a crucial key to enter the modern industrial society, petrochemical industry has laid a solid foundation of human modern industry. With the arrival of “world peak oil” and the sustaining increasing of oil price, a petition for oil resources and petrochemical market has bee more and more intensive. During the 30 years since China carried out reform and opening up policy, as one of China’s pillar industries, petrochemical industry has made significant progress, and formed a prehensive petrochemical industry pattern with three domestic superlarge stateowned petrochemical corporations—China National Petroleum Corporation, China Petrochemical Corporation and China National Offshore Oil Corporation—as the lead and other small and medium sized panies as supplement. Recreated by the state administrative departments in 1980s, the three stateowned petrochemical corporations have bee important participants in global energy market, and basically established a modern enterprise system with clear definition of property right, welldefined power and responsibilities, separation of government functions from enterprise management and scientific administration. However, during the course of going global and marketization, China’s superlarge petrochemical corporations have e across various problems, including imperfect governance, low level of science and technology, lack of energy conservation and environmental protection ability, single product structure, low level industry overcapacity and poor global petiveness and profitability, holding back their transition from state petrochemical panies to international petrochemical corporations. So, at this moment, it seems particularly important to study why, where and how should China’s superlarge petrochemical corporations develop themselves. According to the main problems and challenges China’s superlarge petrochemical corporations are facing, this thesis would specifically analyze the international and domestic environment, and make a parison between China’s superlarge petrochemical corporations and the world firstrate ones—Royal Dutch Shell, Exxon Mobil and British Petroleum. In conclusion, taking developing China’s superlarge petrochemical corporations into world firstclass ones as the strategic objective, this thesis would e up with a development strategy system at the macro level, and then make detailed implementation and control plans in aspects of business development, enterprise culture, management system and scientific innovation. Key words: superlarge Petrochemical Corporations, Petrochemical, Development Strategy 目 錄 第 1 章 前 言 ............................................ 1 研究背景 .................................................... 1 研究目的與 研究意義 .......................................... 3 研究思路與研究方法 .......................................... 4 第 2 章 中國石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展概述 .......................... 5 石油化工工業(yè)簡介 ............................................ 5 中國石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展歷程 .................................... 5 中國大型石油化工企業(yè)概況 .................................... 7 中國石油天然氣集團公司 ............................................ 7 中國石油化工集團公司 .............................................. 8 中國海洋石油總公司 ................................................ 9 中國大型石油化工企業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的主要問題 ...................... 9 、減排壓力，可持續(xù)發(fā)展遭遇挑戰(zhàn) ............................. 9 ，保供應難度不斷加大 .............................. 10 ，企業(yè)競爭力有待提升 .............................. 11 ，中發(fā)展方向面臨選擇 .............................. 11 ........................................... 12 第 3 章 國際環(huán)境分析 .................................... 14 世界經(jīng)濟形勢變化對石油化工行業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠的影響 ............... 14 全球金融危機帶來新的經(jīng)濟格局 ..................................... 14 新一輪工業(yè)化浪潮將推動石油化工行業(yè)快速發(fā)展 ....................... 15 各國貿(mào)易政策變化對石油化工行業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來了新的不確定性 ............ 15 資源爭奪激烈及油價高位持續(xù)震蕩 ................................... 16 石油替代產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展帶來了重大影響 ............................... 16 全球石油資源需求持續(xù)增長，世界步入“高油價”時代 ........... 17 全球石油儲量、產(chǎn)量和消費量現(xiàn)狀 ................................... 17 全球石 油產(chǎn)量和消費量預測 ......................................... 19 石油資源價格分析預測 ............................................. 21 全球石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭日趨激烈，國際原油供應壟斷趨勢明顯 ..... 21 國際石油公司 .................................................... 22 國家石油公司 .................................................... 22 中國三大石油石化公司 ............................................. 23 發(fā)達國家石油化工公司先發(fā)優(yōu)勢明顯 ，我國企業(yè)增長潛力巨大 ..... 24 日本石油石化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展 ............................................. 24 與國際石油公司對比及啟示 ......................................... 25 第 4 章 國內(nèi)環(huán)境分析 .................................... 27 中國石油化工公司仍處在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略機遇期 ....................... 27 ............................................. 27 能源消耗結構亟待調整 ............................................. 28 ..................................................... 29 以三大國有石油化工公司為主的市場競爭格局 ................... 31 （勘探開發(fā)）由三大國有石油石化公司壟斷 .................... 31 ................................ 32 （銷售）板塊是政府價格管制、多方參與的市場競爭 ............ 33 相關政策 對我國石油化工企業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境產(chǎn)生重大影響 ............. 33 “ 自貿(mào)區(qū) ” 建設給石油化工企業(yè)帶來挑戰(zhàn)和機遇 ....................... 33 “新 36條”政策出臺，民間資本加快進入石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè) ................ 34 成品油定價機制滯后于市場發(fā)展，亟待完善 ........................... 34 第 5 章 建立中國特色的石油化工企業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略體系 ........... 36 “ 可持續(xù)發(fā)