【正文】 sses. How excavation, it will be more conducive to the stability and cavern facilitate support : For more support, Supporting how they can more effectively ensure stability and facilitate the cavern excavation. This is the tunnels and underground works two promote each other and check each other39。 The other hand, have to limit it, Rock is not so lax and excessive loss or greatly reduced carrying capacity. During construction should be used with rock close to, the timely building puzzle keeps strengthening Flexible support structure, such as bolting and shotcreting supporting. This adjustment will be adopted supporting structural strength, Stiffness and its participation in the work of the time (including the closure of time) to control the deformation of the rock mass. （ 3） . In order to improve the support structure, the mechanical properties, the construction should be closed as soon as possible, and to bee a closed cylindrical structure. In addition, the tunnel shape with a round should, as far as possible, to avoid the corner of the stress concentration. （ 4） . Construction right through the rock and supporting the dynamic observation, measurement, and reasonable arrangements for the construction procedures, changes in the design and construction management of the daytoday. （ 5） . To lay waterproof layer, or is subject to bolt corrosion, deterioration of rock properties, rheological, swelling caused by the followup to load, use posite lining. （ 6） . Lining in principle, and the early rock deformation Supporting the basic stability of the conditions under construction. rock and supporting structure into a whole, thereby improving the support system of security. NATM above the basic elements can be briefly summarized as : less disturbance, early spray anchor, ground measurements, closed tight. 3． With a spring to understand the principle NATM （ 1） . Cavern brink of a point A in the original excavation ago with stress (stress selfrespect and tectonic stress) in a state of equilibrium. As an elastic stiffness of the spring K, P0 under pression in a state of equilibrium. （ 2） . Cavern excavation, A point in attacking lose face constraints, the original stress state to be adjusted, if the intensity of rock big enough, After less stress adjustments may 河南理工大學本科畢業(yè)設計（論文） 外文文獻及譯文 4 cavern in a stable condition (without support). But most of the geological conditions of the poor, that is, after the stress cavern adjustments, such as weak protection, we could have convergence deformation, even instability (landslides), must be provided to support power PE, in order to prevent landslides instability. Equivalent to the Spring of deformation u, in the role of PE is now in the midst of a state of equilibrium. （ 3） . By the mechanical balance equation, we can see in the spring P0 role in a state of equilibrium。 (3) When u=umax, landslides, have relaxation load and unsafe. 4. Points （ 1） . Rock cavern excavation is affected by that part of rock (soil) body, the rock is a trinity : have a load bearing structure, building materials. （ 2） . Tunnel construction is in the rock stress is of special architectural environment, which can not be equated with the construction on the ground. （ 3） . Tunnel structure rock + = bracing system. II. The new Austrian highway construction in the basic method NATM one of the characteristics is the scene monitoring, measurement information to guide construction, through the tunnel construction measure receipts and excavation of the geological observation for prediction and feedback. And in accordance with the established benchmark for measuring the tunnel construction, excavation section steps and sequences, Supporting the initial parameters for reasonable adjustments to guarantee the safety of construction, a tunnel rock stability, the quality of the project and supporting structure of the 河南理工大學本科畢業(yè)設計（論文） 外文文獻及譯文 5 economy and so on. The author of mitments (Chengde) Chek (Chifeng) East Maojingba Tunnel NATM basic construction method for investigation concluded, synthesis of a new highway tunnel Natm the selection of different types and the basic characteristics of the construction methods and tips. 1. A tunnel construction method of choice tunnel construction method of choice, mainly based on the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions Construction, rock type, buried deep tunnel, the tunnel section size and length lining types, Construction should be the premise of safety and engineering quality at the core, and with the use of the tunnel function, the level of construction technology, Construction machinery and equipment, time requirements and economic feasibility of factors to consider in selection. When choosing the method for tunnel construction on the surrounding environment negatively affected, should also be a tunnel, the environmental conditions as the method to choose one of the factors, taking into rock changes the method and the applicability of the possibility of change. Tunnel project to avoid mistakes and unnecessary increase investment in public works. NATM new construction, we should also consider the entire process of construction of auxiliary operations and changes in the surrounding rock to measure control methods and the tunnel through special geological lots of construction means for a reasonable choice. 2. New Austrian Tunneling Method program New Austrian Tunneling Method used all methods can be divided into sections, Division level and the three major types of excavation method and some changes in the program. (1) Fullface method. That whole section excavation method is based on the design of an excavation face excavation molding. Excavation order is its full face excavation,