【正文】
災(zāi) 通過可行性分析和有效性分析解決一下三方面問題:確保居民安全疏散,控制早期火災(zāi)和控制煙霧蔓延。 (2)樓梯應(yīng)提供自然采光和排煙措施 (3)如果前廳不能提供自然采光和排煙,那么應(yīng)設(shè)置機械防煙系統(tǒng)。(5)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)桁架的轉(zhuǎn)換層應(yīng)防火,確保鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安全。因此,基于使用功能,結(jié)構(gòu)布局,以及高層住宅建筑中特有的火災(zāi)隱患等所存在的問題,列出消防安全目標(biāo):(1) 所有人員必須在規(guī)定時間撤離到戶外(2) 防火落實到戶(3) 建筑有足夠的條件利于消防員滅火(4) 防火設(shè)計可以減少火災(zāi)隱患并減少財產(chǎn)損失5. 解決方案為了實現(xiàn)以上的消防目標(biāo),提出下面的建議(1)轉(zhuǎn)換層應(yīng)開放不少于5%房間面積的機械排煙或自然排煙系統(tǒng)以便確保住戶安全通過。,居民無法轉(zhuǎn)移到建筑物外由圖一知,這個建筑形式很新穎。在這里,我把一個聯(lián)合高層建筑的消防安全設(shè)計作為例子。 一般來說,高層建筑居民要比低層建筑居民多,另外,高層建筑高度大使得疏散更加困難。2. 高層建筑的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險因素通常高層住宅建筑火災(zāi)風(fēng)險包括以下:因為高層建筑的“煙囪效應(yīng)”,如果控制措施不夠,火和煙會通過樓梯、電梯和管道在短時間內(nèi)快速的蔓延到樓上。關(guān)鍵詞: 高層住宅建筑;消防設(shè)計;消防電梯1. 引言“”上海災(zāi)難性的火災(zāi)引起了人們對高層住宅建筑消防安全的思考。 外文資料來源及題目(注:含作者、書名、雜志名或外文數(shù)據(jù)庫名等,英文文章或段落標(biāo)題,原文附后)題目: Discussion on the fire safety design of a highrise building 作者 : 馬錢麗 郭偉摘自: Elsevier電子期刊全文庫關(guān)于一幢高層建筑的消防安全設(shè)計的研究馬錢利a 郭偉ba濱海新區(qū)分公司消防隊 中國 天津 濱海新區(qū)中心路7號 300457b天津消防和安全科學(xué)研究所 中國 天津 南開區(qū)魏晉南路110號 30387摘要:高層住宅建筑在消防安全設(shè)計上的幾個問題:疏散樓梯和電梯不能從頂部運行到地上,居民無法轉(zhuǎn)移到建筑物外。希望,建議的解決方案可以為類似的高層建筑的消防安全設(shè)計提供參考。因此,分析了我國北方的一幢高層建筑的消防安全設(shè)計,以它為例子來為同類建筑的消防安全設(shè)計提供參考。這樣,大火覆蓋了建筑的外表面,為消防員的滅火增加了難度。在中國北方,因為冬天寒冷,大多數(shù)高層住宅建筑是成組的,居民通常選擇擁有足夠陽光的房間。 (a) (b)圖一,高層住宅建筑素描圖根據(jù)高層民用建筑設(shè)計防火規(guī)范“GB5004595(2005)【1】”,這類住宅應(yīng)被設(shè)計成防火建筑,然而在建筑消防設(shè)計中出現(xiàn)了以下問題。見圖2圖3 消防樓梯和樓梯的共享間4. 消防安全目標(biāo)通常,消防安全目標(biāo)可能包括生命和財產(chǎn)安全,遺產(chǎn)和環(huán)境保護,然而,消防安全目標(biāo)會隨建筑的使用功能,結(jié)構(gòu)形式和高度有所不同。(4)相鄰的電梯,樓梯,走廊和公寓應(yīng)使用單獨的疏散通道。不允許有開門的樓梯,為的是防止煙霧延到樓梯。 樓梯與大廳的共用間和消防電梯 (1)應(yīng)采取措施保證在建筑的上部和下部的電梯可以自動下降到最低層(轉(zhuǎn)換層消防電梯的上部和一樓較低的部分)以防火災(zāi)(2) 每一層樓電梯井內(nèi)的通風(fēng)管道應(yīng)能防火,保護門應(yīng)為C類防火門(3) 滅火器應(yīng)安裝在大堂和每個公寓樓,可以用來撲滅小火。例如,安裝防火門能有效的防止火災(zāi)和煙霧從大堂蔓延到家庭。因此建議在大廳和公寓內(nèi)安裝滅火器。增壓設(shè)備可以防止煙霧過道和大堂。希望改進后的消防設(shè)計方法可以為類似的建筑提供有價值的參考。 fire lift1. Introduction “” Shanghai disastrous fire aroused profound consideration of the fire safety of highrise residential buildings inChina. This disaster was caused by the energysaving project of the building, not because of the design of the highriseuilding itself, however, how to improve the fire safety of highrise residential buildings and to safeguard the life safety ofthe residents has bee the most important issue that must be considered seriously during the fire safety design of this kindof building. Therefore, analysis of the problems in the fire safety design of a highrise building in the north part of China hasbeen done as an example to provide references for the fire safety design of the same kind of buildings in the other areas ofChina.2. Fire risks of the highrise residential building Fire risks of the highrise residential building usually include the followings. (1) Rapid fire and smoke spread. Because of the “chimney effect” of the highrise building, fire and smoke can spread to the upper floors very rapidly through staircases, elevator shafts and ducts in a very short time if the fire and smoke control measures are not adequate. (2) Difficult fire fighting and rescue. Factors like the height of the building, the inadequate fire fighting equipment and fire fighting at an elevated heightcertainly increase the difficulties of the fire fighting in a highrise building. Moreover, the current cladding systems of mosthighrise buildings in China are bustible, which contribute a lot to the vertical spread of fire. In this case, fire covers thebuilding from outside and it increases the difficulties for fire fighters to do fire fighting and rescue.\ (3) Difficult safe evacuation of the occupants Generally speaking, there will be more occupants in a highrise residential building than those of a low building. In addition, the vertical travel distance for a highrise building is quite long, which makes the evacuation more di