【正文】 requirements of accurate location, a vertical line. Dyadic greatest degree of not more than 3 mm, and templateDitch The toppronged, pass the inspection before the concrete reperfusion, on the side of the original wall must pick hair, and embedded parts to the location accurately. Template using stereotypes purity. Construction Cleared the site for construction layout. By design size requirement dugwall basis. masonry made of mortar and stones. Template installation, location accuracy requirements purity, a vertical line, and timely inspection template slope. Concrete pouring 15 Riprap concrete, concrete strength to be more than 70% for Myeongdong vault backfill. Myungdong vault backfill should hierarchical paction said. The typical thickness of less than , both backfill surface height difference of not more than . restored to the vault after the pack to design hierarchical paction high, the use of machines rolling, Ramming must manually filled to vault over before mechanical paction . 7 .Construction safety and environmental control Entrance to wear helmets to prevent crashes, in which the speed limit 5KM, lighting must be a 10meter lights reckless goods stored material must be standardized and distributed under special guard. Spoil venues must be smooth drainage, and must be masonry retaining wall to prevent flooding, debris flow forming. 河南理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 12 8. The construction process has to tackle the problems Construction of two liner after water seepage treatment : Small cracks with acrylic, water or slurry coating of epoxy resin and other caulking, a good effect。 if necessary, set up only orifice Pulp Cypriots. （ 3） . bolting ahead : The Chalu must be greater than 14 degrees, grouting satiated and lap length is not less than 1 meter. construction Embedded parts used by the Design Dimensions plank make shape design, installation in contrast snoop plate car, and position accuracy (error 177。 30 176。 N using cementwater glass slurry. Mud and water volume ratio 1:。), the direction parallel with the Central Line。 rather than single (double) PENDANTS Heading a high degree of mechanization, can accelerate the progress of the projects. The next heading advance excavation method (that is guided pit wall first arch) : This Act applies to Ⅱ , Ⅲ rock. in the soft ground tunneling, to be adopted next general guide advance excavation pit wall first arch Act. Its advantages are : Heading advance excavation, the use of proven geological conditions in advance to facilitate change in the method. Face to facilitate started procedures applicable to the labor arrangements for the use of small machinery and construction. The drawbacks : The next section will guide small, slow construction and construction processes more, construction and management difficult. Unilateralarm pit Law : rock instability, the tunnel span larger, ground subsidence is difficult to control when using this method. Its characteristics are : a positive step and arms Heading Act advantages. Bilateral arm Heading law : in largespan shallow tunnels, surface subsidence require strict, especially poor rock used. Advantages of this method are : Construction of safe, reliable, but slow construction, high cost. 河南理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 8 main tunnel construction technology 1. Cave construction （ 1） excavation slope around Lofting total station measurements, the use of excavators from top to bottom, paragraph by paragraph excavation, not the amount of excavation or the end of next overlapping excavation, remove pits with the above may slump topsoil, shrubs and rock slopes, rock strata of slope excavation needs blasting, Discussion should focus mainly loose blasting. Also partial artificial finishing, when excavation and inspection slope of slope, if sliding and cracking phenomenon and slowing down due slope. （ 2） .Cheng Tungsupporting Yang Brush Singapore Singapore after the pletion of timely inspection plate slope gradient, the gradient to pass the inspection, the system set up to fight time anchor, and the exposed bolt heads, hanging metal based work expansion and bolt welding into first overall. Linked work immediately after the pletion of shotcrete and repeatedly jet until it reaches the thickness of the design so far. （ 3） .as of gutter construction Yang slope away from the groove 5 meters excavation ditch interception, interception gutter mainly mechanical excavation, artificial finishing, after dressing, immediately masonry made of mortar and stones, and the floor surface with mortar. 2. Auxiliary construction （ 1） A long pipe roof Sets arch construction : construction Lofting, template installation, assembling reinforcement, the guidance of lofting 127 installation guide, concrete pouring. Pipe specifications : Heat Nazarbayev Seamless Steel Tube ￠ 108 mm and a thickness of 6 mm, length of 3 m, 6 m。 Spring in the event of deformation u, PE in the role they will be in equilibrium, assuming spring elasticity of K, were : P0=PE+Ku Discussion : (1) When u = 0, that is not allowed P0=PE rock deformation, is a rigid support, not economic。河南理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 1 NATM tunnel design principle in the construction of major and Construction Technology NATM Design Principle design and construction of two major theoretical and development process Since the 20th century, human space on the ground floor of the growing demand, thus the underground works of the study of a rapid development. In a large number of underground engineering practice, it is generally recognized that the tunnel and underground cavern project, the core of the problem, all up in the excavation and retaining two key proce