【正文】 gestion pricing is expected to reduce this unfair by implementing surcharge for the use selected congested facilities during peak traffic periods. Equity issues addressed in transport have been largely concerned with economic equity, including the relationship between public and private transport, the impacts of congestion pricing on peripheral areas and underprivileged population , environmentalequity issues have been little within a transport context. Transport produces direct effects such as atmospheric emissions and noise, and also indirect effects, through its influence on the location of polluting facilities and affected people. Environmental equity refers to the social distribution of environmental quality (and specifically the distribution of NO2 by deprivation status). That is equal access to a clean environment and equal protection from possible environmental har m irrespective of ine, class or other differentiating feature of socioeconomics status. Transportation planners should point out that the reduction of congestion levels and increased trip speed on an entire facility will benefit users of public transit. From an environmental equity perspective, the effectiveness of congestion pricing is sensitive to the spatial distribution of socioeconomic characteristics。 附件 2：外文原文 Congestion Pricing and Sustainable Development of Urban Transportation system Abstract The rapid growth in urbanization and motorization generally contributes to an urban transportation system that is economically, environmentally and socially unsustainable. The result has been a relentless increase in traffic congestion. Road congestion pricing has been proposed many times as an economic measure to fight congestion in urban traffic, but has not seen widespread use in practice because of Some potential impacts of road pricing remain unknown. he paper first reviews the concept of sustainable transportation system, which should meet the goals of economic development, environmental protection and social justice collectively. And then, based on the characteristics of sustainable transportation system, how congestion pricing can contribute to economic growth, environmental protection and social justice is examined. Examination result shows that congestion pricing is a powerful way to promote the sustainable development of urban transportation system. Introduction Urban transportation is a pressing concern in mega cities around the world. Along with China’s rapid development of urbanization and motorization, traffic jams has bee a more and more serious problem, resulting in greater time delay, increase of energy consumption and air pollution, decrease of reliability of road work. In many cities traffic congestion is seen as a hindrance to economic development. Numerous methods can be used to address congestion and reduce transport density, including building new infrastructure, improving maintenance and operation of infrastructure, and using the existing infrastructure more efficiently through demand management strategies, including pricing mechanisms. Congestion pricing has long been proposed as an effective measure to bat traffic congestion. The principle objective of congestion pricing is to alleviate congestion by implementing surcharge for the use selected congested facilities during peak time periods. By shifting some trips to offpeak periods, to routes away from congested facilities, or to higheroccupancy vehicles, or by discouraging some trips altogether, congestion pricing schemes would result in savings in time and operating costs, improvements in air quality, reductions in energy consumption and improvements in transit productivity. There are lots of successful applications in some countries and regions in the rest of the world. Following Singapore in the early 1970s and Norwegian toll rings in the mid1980s, the city of London introduced its area toll in February 2020。 可以預(yù)見的，未來幾十年將看到 越來越多的 地方 實(shí)施 交通擁堵收費(fèi)策略或?qū)⒁?實(shí) 施交通擁堵收費(fèi) 的策略 。 五、結(jié)論 隨著持續(xù)增長的交通需求和道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的擴(kuò)展范圍減少，交通擁堵的現(xiàn)象是不會(huì)減少 。如果稅收是回收投資，允許對(duì) 公共交通工具 的投資 ，或維持更高的服務(wù)水平，它有助于提供一個(gè)明確的選擇，這既加強(qiáng)了模式的選擇上的影響，并減少那些誰負(fù)責(zé)征收 的關(guān)注。這是平等地獲得一個(gè)干凈的環(huán)境和對(duì)環(huán)境可能造成的危害，不論收入，階級(jí)或其他鑒別特征的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位 受到 平等保護(hù)。擁擠收費(fèi)是 選擇在交通高峰期間 對(duì)擁擠 設(shè)施的使用 實(shí)施附加費(fèi) ， 預(yù)計(jì) 這樣