【正文】 究新材料、新工藝、新的傳動裝置，從而通過對不同設(shè)計方案的優(yōu)選、分解和組合來產(chǎn)生新的設(shè)計方案，不斷推出傳新創(chuàng)新設(shè)計成果。 智能設(shè)計技術(shù) 各主要工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家正從傳統(tǒng)的 CAD 技術(shù)不斷向智能 CAD（ ICAD）和人機(jī)智能化設(shè)計系統(tǒng)方向發(fā)展，電氣控制系統(tǒng)自分析、自調(diào)整、自糾錯的智能化水平不斷提高，使得起重機(jī)的設(shè)計和使用全過程的自動化和智能化得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。 仿真與虛擬設(shè)計技術(shù) 國內(nèi)外的研究均較為活躍，在機(jī)械產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的仿真建模中，目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的包括有限元方法（ FEM）、有限差分法等。國內(nèi)的許多學(xué)者也對這一課題進(jìn)行了數(shù)年的研究，提出了 DFC 和 DTC 的研究模式，完成了全方位分析比較的單臺和系列起重機(jī)設(shè)計水平和設(shè)計目標(biāo)成本的綜 合評價體系。通過專家系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用，極大地推進(jìn)了創(chuàng)新設(shè)計的進(jìn)程，并且利用系統(tǒng)論和信息論等現(xiàn)代計算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究成果，使得起重機(jī)的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計開始向智能化方向發(fā)展。沒有形成合理的設(shè)計人員梯隊，產(chǎn)品仍然是幾十年不變樣，目前仍以照抄照搬為生存方式，沒有自己的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，只是在應(yīng)付低價拿來的合同。從 60 年代起，開始了新產(chǎn)品、新部件的開發(fā)設(shè)計與實(shí)驗研 究工作，從而使設(shè)計從仿制和經(jīng)驗設(shè)計逐漸走向?qū)嶒炑芯亢陀嬎惴治鲭A段。英國從 60 年代開始，就以國家政策和財力來支持發(fā)展與推廣創(chuàng)新設(shè)計；德國提出“設(shè)計就是科學(xué)”，使其 設(shè)計學(xué)的發(fā)展已達(dá)到相當(dāng)規(guī)模；美國成立了“設(shè)計委員會”；日本同樣也非常重視設(shè)計技術(shù)的發(fā)展，將設(shè)計看作是技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、美學(xué)和人機(jī)工程學(xué)的一體化整體，并極力推廣和采用新技術(shù)。 以下幾點(diǎn)是起重機(jī)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計的發(fā)展方向： (1)具有零部件集成化、機(jī)構(gòu)簡潔化、結(jié)構(gòu)全面優(yōu)化的整機(jī)設(shè)計； (2)滿足個性用戶的特殊要求的個性化設(shè)計； (3)滿足市場多樣性和低成本要求的具有新技術(shù)特征的起重機(jī)新系列產(chǎn)品的模塊化設(shè)計； 大連 科技 學(xué)院 2020 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯 9 (4)具有自分析、自調(diào)整、自糾錯的智能化操作的全自動、半自動操作形式的高度機(jī)電一體化的起重機(jī)設(shè)計； (5)采用新的傳感技術(shù)具有高精度稱量和定位系統(tǒng)的起重機(jī)設(shè)計； (6)高速起重機(jī)的設(shè)計及相應(yīng)防搖擺、準(zhǔn)確對位技 術(shù)的應(yīng)用； (7)采用參數(shù)化專家系統(tǒng)的快速反應(yīng)設(shè)計； (8)基于成本即時反應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性 DFC（ Design For Cost）設(shè)計； (9)極短交貨期要求采用并行設(shè)計及并行工程技術(shù)的設(shè)計； (10)基于產(chǎn)品全壽命周期的方便維護(hù)維修的設(shè)計及免維護(hù)設(shè)計； (11)大型單臺復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品的虛擬設(shè)計及動態(tài)仿真的實(shí)現(xiàn)； (12)采用廣義優(yōu)化技術(shù)的設(shè)計； (13)起重機(jī)動力學(xué)（疲勞壽命的分析研究）研究成果的廣泛應(yīng)用。自動檢測、自動數(shù)據(jù)處理（運(yùn)算、判斷、存儲、記憶）、自動顯示、自動控制、故障診斷和自動保護(hù)及維護(hù)等功能得到了大量的應(yīng)用。 起重機(jī)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計的理論、方法與工具是基于現(xiàn)代設(shè)計理論和方法，應(yīng)用微電子、信息、管理等現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)，以提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、用戶滿意的價格和造型、提高產(chǎn)品的功能、縮短產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期為目的而進(jìn)行的相應(yīng)工作。 casebased reasoning。 American scholar (the quotation of prices in the face) on the existing or produced products for return of the survey results, the establishment of a cost model。 are a large number of patented technology and intellectual property protection. 2 Status and development trend of domestic and foreign For decades after World War II, the major advanced industrial countries have begun to pay attention to the design of the study, the level of crane design technology also developed rapidly. United Kingdom from 60’s, on national policies and financial resources to support the development and promotion of innovative design。 (13) Crane dynamic (fatigue life analysis of) the extensive application of research results. Truly innovative design is the design of the various methods and techniques of organic position and utilization. Design work has never been isolated, the resulting technical and management related issues: From the PDM, CAPP, ERP, PLM to the whole process of CRM management of closedloop feedback。 (9) Very short delivery time requirements parallel design and concurrent engineering design。 (5) The introduction of new highprecision weighing sensor technology and positioning systems crane design。大連 科技 學(xué)院 2020 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯 1 Crane innovative design Prospects 1 Outline With the new century, new patterns of global industry changes and the level of China’s rapid development of industrial technology, Innovative design has drawn increasing attention to institutions and enterprises. Crane also extremely active market in recent years up to the crane design, no doubt brought a higher level of development requirements, crane innovative design has bee the most important enterprises to improve petitiveness means and ways. With the rapid development of modern puter control technology to make prehensive consideration of the design of crane control system reliability, operation fort, organization and structure, there have been generalized optimization demands a higher level， Cranes must be designed so the conventional design from the original model e out with new ideas, new principles, new methods, new technologies and new techniques to design new products to adapt to new situations, creative design issues have been placed in real designers in front of the crane. Crane innovative design theories, methods and tools are based on modern design theory and method, applied microelectronics, information, management and other modern scientific techniques to improve product quality, customer satisfaction, price and style, improve product features, shorten product development cycle for the purpose of the relevant work done. Crane innovation theory, method and technology research aim is special equipment from the crane as required by the work of security and reliability objective, in particular technical, economic constraints, the plete lifting of the innovative creative design, to the delivery and performance requirements to meet the users premise to achieve the best mix of technical and economic. According to reality and development, design means more and more reflect the precision, automation, virtualization and fast characteristics. Modern crane products are toward the mechanical and e