【正文】 tion enterprises: DCS (distributed control system) and PLC (process control system)}, to monitor the production by IPC。 management objectives. It must be management features for different industries, to meet the personalized needs of users management. Different enterprises have different management characteristics: 1 Discrete Manufacturing Industry: such as the automotive industry, electronic industry, is a typical discrete manufacturing, management features are typical of the MTO enterprises, enterprises will have a master plan according to the orders and market forecast information, then generate the master production plan to use for the material plan, until finally deposed into job shop scheduling. Enterprises according to plan when appropriate to obtain appropriate materials, the production amount of products. SAP, the Lima pany in manufacturing ERP stronger panies. China Xinda pany successful implementation of Haier group project is a typical discrete manufacturing industry. 2, the characteristics of modity circulation industry is typical: no production, its product value mainly through their service and buy and sell price difference to achieve, so the key management and control is the supplier of choice, price strategy, merchandise inventory management and enterprise cost control and customer satisfaction and loyalty management. A successful enterprise in circulation should be the lowest cost, purchasing the goods to meet customer requirements, customer to sell at the right price. So for the modity circulation enterprises focus on its management should be the procurement management, merchandise inventory management, sales management and customer management. Successful management of these links will enhance their visibility, making the most petitive prices in order to expand the market, provide an effective means of. 3, the process enterprise: such as chemical, pharmaceutical, rubber and other industries in the following aspects has the characteristics of its management: (1), the process of production enterprises is continuous, multi product production, warehouse type or mixed type of production, plex technology. But not like machine processing enterprises pursuing JIT management of production, no inventory production。它也將成提高管理水平參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，必不可少的有力工具。 實(shí)施項(xiàng)目的第一步就是管理咨詢即針對(duì)企業(yè)的需求進(jìn)行調(diào)研并根據(jù)調(diào)研的情況對(duì)企業(yè)目前的管理情況進(jìn)行診斷和業(yè)務(wù)流程重組（ BPR），然后，根據(jù)管理咨詢報(bào)告提出企業(yè)的 ERP 實(shí)施方案。即： ERP 與上游的 B2B 和下游的 B2C 等相結(jié)合，使企業(yè)與供應(yīng)商、客戶之間的溝通渠道更為暢通，也大大提高的工作效率。華夏新達(dá)公司正在進(jìn)行這方面的工作，不久新世紀(jì) /ERP 與新世紀(jì) /OA 相融合的新產(chǎn)品就會(huì)誕生。 4． ERP 系統(tǒng)與 OA 產(chǎn)品相融合。 目前國(guó)內(nèi)的大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品基本上完成了由 F/SC/S 結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)型，但由 C/SB/S 結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)型尚末完全完成，而隨著INTERNET 的日益流行， B/S 結(jié)構(gòu)的產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單，安裝方便、程序維護(hù)量小越來越受廣 大客戶的歡迎，國(guó) 內(nèi)已有部分廠商推出了自已的 B/S 結(jié)構(gòu)的產(chǎn)品，雖然還不盡如人意，但它代表了一種趨勢(shì)和潮流。 第三、 應(yīng)用 ERP 的開發(fā)技術(shù)上有新的趨勢(shì)和突破 1．中間件技術(shù)的運(yùn)用 中間件是處于平臺(tái)與應(yīng)用之間具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的協(xié)議與接口的通用服務(wù)子集，應(yīng)用該技術(shù)開發(fā)人員無須對(duì)不同的設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)不同的代碼，只要采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的中間件作為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)件，就可迅速地開發(fā)出具有良好的可擴(kuò) 展性、高可用性和可移值性的企業(yè)管理軟件。 正是因?yàn)楹笳叩倪@種靈活性，并考慮到 one－ size－ fit－ all 式系統(tǒng)的不現(xiàn)實(shí)，模塊化的系統(tǒng)正逐漸取代那種龐大的系統(tǒng)。打個(gè)比方，如果某一個(gè)公司很少需要采購原材料，也沒有應(yīng)付賬的問題，那它也許只買一個(gè)財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)收賬模塊和一個(gè)總賬模塊就可以了。有的廠商信奉所謂的最佳業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)踐，希望從成功企業(yè)的管理模式和業(yè)務(wù)流程中提煉出精華，體現(xiàn)到管理軟件中去。 因此，企業(yè)在選擇 ERP 系統(tǒng)時(shí)，應(yīng)該考察候選廠商是否有相應(yīng)的行業(yè)解決方案和該行業(yè)的專業(yè)知識(shí)。新世紀(jì) ERP 產(chǎn)品是專門針 對(duì)過程化類型企業(yè)的管理軟件，其主要特色模塊包括針對(duì)性的配方管理、設(shè)備維護(hù)管理、產(chǎn)品批次管理、跟蹤成本核算；與工控系統(tǒng)（ DCS、 PLC）、集成的網(wǎng)關(guān)接口可實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控生產(chǎn)狀況；工藝裝置仿真模塊，為企業(yè)新生產(chǎn)線的開車、生產(chǎn)優(yōu)化、員工培訓(xùn)等提供仿真優(yōu)化工具。 （ 6）過程化生產(chǎn)企業(yè)為保證職工操作的正確和熟練，對(duì)職工進(jìn)行技能培訓(xùn)、技能鑒定，通常過程化企業(yè)需要仿真優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)；而離散式生產(chǎn)企業(yè)一般注重 CAD 設(shè)計(jì)而沒有生產(chǎn)流程的仿真系統(tǒng)； 4．項(xiàng)目管理型企業(yè)：如建筑施工企業(yè)就是典型的項(xiàng)目管理型企業(yè)，這種企業(yè)的管理特點(diǎn)是：以每個(gè)項(xiàng)目為主要核算體系，具有跨年度核算的特點(diǎn)；同一般企業(yè)相比沒有生產(chǎn)和銷售環(huán)節(jié)；主 要由設(shè)計(jì)物料表派生出其需求計(jì)劃；其管理的重點(diǎn)環(huán)節(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)度的控制、項(xiàng)目的預(yù)算控制和項(xiàng)目結(jié)算等方面的管理。 （ 2）、過程化生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，單一產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)永不停止，機(jī)器設(shè)備一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) ,無特殊原因，不能停產(chǎn)；而離散式生產(chǎn)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)安排靈活性較大，可根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需求對(duì)生產(chǎn)做較大調(diào)整(通過加班 ,外包 ,減