【正文】 ansmission structural( generator add positive drive and ship of leather belt) way that general machine tool uses , is impossible to realize , normally need to adopt from the generator of frequency control and the main shaft of machine tool integrated together the electrical main shaft claimed direct drive e to realize. Electrical main shaft realizes the wide speed adjustment of main shaft through exchanging frequency control and vector control. It39。這種驅(qū)動(dòng)器又有開(kāi)環(huán)和閉環(huán)兩種，后者可以實(shí)現(xiàn)位置和速度的反饋，不僅具有更好的動(dòng)態(tài)性能，11 還可以實(shí)現(xiàn) C軸功能；而前者動(dòng)態(tài)性能稍差，也不具備 C軸功能，但價(jià)格較為便宜。普通變頻控制的動(dòng)態(tài)性能不夠理想，在低速時(shí)控制性能不佳，輸出功率不夠穩(wěn)定，也不具備 C軸功能。電機(jī)定子通過(guò)一個(gè)冷卻套固定裝在電主軸的箱體中。過(guò)盈聯(lián)接與螺紋聯(lián)接或鍵聯(lián)接相比有：不會(huì)在主軸上產(chǎn)生彎曲和扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力，對(duì)主軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)精度沒(méi)有影響；主軸的動(dòng)平衡易得到保證等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 主軸高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，任何小的不平衡質(zhì)量即可引起電主軸大的高頻振動(dòng)。電主軸的定子由具有高導(dǎo)磁率的優(yōu)質(zhì)矽鋼片迭壓而成，定子內(nèi)腔帶有沖制 嵌線槽。減小軸承 發(fā)熱量的主要措施： （ 1）適當(dāng)減小滾珠的直徑 減小滾珠直徑可以減小離心力和陀螺力矩，從而減小摩擦，減少發(fā)熱量。10 研究表明，在電機(jī)高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)條件下，有近 1/3的電機(jī)發(fā)熱量由電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子產(chǎn)生，并且轉(zhuǎn)子產(chǎn)生的絕大部分熱量都通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)子與定子間的氣隙傳入定子中；其余 2/3的熱量產(chǎn)生于電機(jī)的定子。 電主軸有兩個(gè)主要的內(nèi)部熱源：內(nèi)置電動(dòng)機(jī)的發(fā)熱和主軸軸承的發(fā)熱。 實(shí)踐表明在潤(rùn)滑中供油量過(guò)多或過(guò)少都是有害的，而前兩種潤(rùn)滑方式均無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確地控制供油量多少，不利于主軸軸承轉(zhuǎn)速和壽命的提高。油霧潤(rùn)滑所需設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，維修方便，價(jià)格比較便宜，是一種普遍使用的高速電主軸潤(rùn)滑方式。采用滾動(dòng)軸承的電主軸的潤(rùn)滑方式目前主要有脂潤(rùn)滑、油霧潤(rùn)滑和油氣潤(rùn)滑等方式。 （ 3）陶瓷較低的熱膨脹系數(shù)有效降低了軸承預(yù)加負(fù)荷的變 化。目前隨著陶瓷軸承技術(shù)的發(fā)展，應(yīng)用最多的電主軸軸承是混合陶瓷球軸承，即滾動(dòng)體使用 Si3N4陶瓷球，采用 “小珠密珠 ”結(jié)構(gòu)，軸承套圈為 GCr15鋼圈。 實(shí)現(xiàn)電主軸高速化精密化的關(guān)鍵是高速精密軸承的應(yīng)用。 電主軸省去了帶輪或齒輪傳動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)床的 “零傳動(dòng) ”，提高了傳動(dòng)效率。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外各著名機(jī)床制 造商在高速數(shù)控機(jī)床中廣泛采用電主軸結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是在復(fù)合加工機(jī)床、多軸聯(lián)動(dòng)、多面體加工機(jī)床和并聯(lián)機(jī)床中。 And the development performance of the former is lacked , also does not have C axle function , but has relatively cheap price. Directly torque control develops after being then vector control technology, is another as geting up to grow the new high performance alternating technology of speed adjustment, its 7 control thought is novel , construction of system is succinct and clear , more suits the drive of high speed electrical main shaft , can more satisfy the with high speed electrical high rotational speed of main shaft, the wide scope of speed adjustment and high speed instant to allow the requirement of development property and the property of static quiet that stops , has bee a hot technology of alternating transmission field. 4 electrical main shaft develop tendency along with the high speed and technology of machine tool cut the needs of actual application and the development of technology, people have also put forward more and more high requirement for the performance of the electrical main shaft of machine tool, the technology of electrical main shaft develop tendency major expression in some following aspects: ( 1 ) to the at low speed big torque direction development and rate of great merit ( 2 ) to high accuracy and high rigidity direction development ( 3 ) to accurately directional( stop definitely) direction development ( 4 ) to fast from , stop direction development ( 5 ) to exceed with high speed direction development ( 6 ) to standardization direction development 。 Gas presses bearing quietly to be improper for in the rate occasion of great merit。 It is insufficient to be the naturally scattered hot condition in the generator in the casing of main shaft that encloses to differ from , has higher temperature rise. The 1 casings of main shaft the 2 cooling sets of 3 4 5 import stator rotors of cooling water the 6 sets of 7 8 9 10 former 11 can export feedback installation bearing rear axles of cooling water of runner shaft of main shaft of main shaft Cheng the advantage electrical province of main shaft of electrical main shafts have gone to take ship or positive drive, the 0 transmissions that have realized machine tool have raised transmission efficiency. The rigidity of electrical main shaft good, rotary precision is sex high respond fast good, can realize very high rotational speed and add and slow down degree and decide angle stop fast definitely ( C axle control ), the scope of speed adjustment is wide. 3, the crucial technical concept of electrical main shaft of electrical main shaft should not be simple to understand for the merely a sleeve of main shaft , and should be a set of 4 assembly, include: Stator, rotor, bearing, the high speed installation of frequency conversion and lubrication install and cool installation. Therefore electrical main shaft is the with high speed bearing technical, lubrication technical, cooling technical technical, precise production of dynamic balancing with the technologies such as assembly technology as well as generator high speed drive synthesize to utilize. The with high speed bearing technology of electrical main shafts realizes the electrical high speed of main shaft to melt, is precise and crucial to be the application of high speed precise bearing. Now the bearing that applied in high speed precise electrical main shaft have precise roll bearing and liquid movement press bearing an