【正文】 as D. since 【鞏固練習(xí)】一、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空：1.如：He stayed there until it was very late. Stay是可持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以不用not。比如a tree is in front of the classroom是教室前面有棵樹(shù)，樹(shù)一般在教室外面的戶外；而 There is a desk in the front of the classroom就是教室前面有張桌子，（比如講臺(tái)）是在教室里面的，這是內(nèi)部方位。They went there on foot instead of by bus.She had tea instead of coffee.⑵ instead of是復(fù)合介詞，意思是“代替；而（不）”，其后面的內(nèi)容具有否定意義。 他們沒(méi)有牛肉，我們改吃魚(yú)吧。 please give me that instead.instead常位于句末。 pay attention to..., make a contribution to... ,according to... ,get used to...,prefer...to... ,look forward to...15.“動(dòng)詞+介詞”和“動(dòng)詞+副詞”的區(qū)別 英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有兩類(lèi)：“動(dòng)詞+介詞”和“動(dòng)詞+副詞”，前者賓語(yǔ)只可放在介詞后，后者當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)可放在副詞之前或之后，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)只可放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。 It is important for us to study hard. 對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)努力學(xué)習(xí)很重要。You will never succeed without your hard work 你如果不努力，絕不會(huì)成功。如：with the help of...在……的幫助下，play with...和……玩，talk with...和……談?wù)摗?1．in與after的區(qū)別 in表示以此時(shí)此刻為起點(diǎn)的將來(lái)的一個(gè)時(shí)間段之后，常與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用；“after+時(shí)間段”常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用，“after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”常與將來(lái)時(shí)連用。②涉及表示交通工具的名詞，且該名詞為單數(shù)形式，前面沒(méi)有冠詞或任何修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)用by，如：by ship，by plane。 Tom is the tallest boy of the four. 湯姆是四個(gè)男孩中個(gè)子最高的。 We can do nothing but wait. All the students go to the zoo except Jim.I have a few good friends besides you. 8．a(chǎn)t和to表行為對(duì)象時(shí)的區(qū)別 at與某些動(dòng)詞連用，表攻擊的目標(biāo)，含有某種程度的惡意；to只表示方向，無(wú)惡意。clock 5點(diǎn)以后；after the house在房子后面6．in，with和by表示“用”時(shí)的區(qū)別“憑借工具或手段（常用于交通工具；）如by bus, by taxi “用某種工具（指具體工具或手段）“用…”,后面跟語(yǔ)言。ll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month. (2) to接在go，e，return，move等詞之后，表示目的地。across含有“從……表面穿過(guò)”之意，或指沿某一條線的方向而進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，表示游渡、乘船過(guò)?；蜻^(guò)河時(shí)用across；through含有“從……中間穿過(guò)”之意；over多指在空間范圍上“超過(guò)”；而past指“經(jīng)過(guò)”。如果把三者及以上的人或事物分別看待，指每?jī)烧咧g，也可用between。 ’ There is a picture on the 。 There are some apples on the 。⑥used to過(guò)去常常做，而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做，后接動(dòng)詞原形。④be used as被當(dāng)作……來(lái)使用。②be used to被用來(lái)（做）……，后接動(dòng)詞原形。③be made into被制成…… This piece of wood will be made into a small 。（范圍之外，不接壤） Korea is on the east of China. 朝鮮毗鄰中國(guó)的東邊。You can write in black ink．What39。Come along this street.with表示使用的工具或手段，一般接具體的手段或工具。The hare came out of its cave.through表示從空間“穿過(guò)”。He is the tallest among all the children.around表示“在……周?chē)?，?qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境。s that girl beside the boy?near“在……附近”，距離比by和next to遠(yuǎn)。There39。Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.before所表示的位置關(guān)系和in front of通用，表示“在……前”，“在……面前”。Raise your anus above your head.below表示“在下方或位置低于……”，不一定有垂直在下之意。（如車(chē)站，村莊等）at the bus stop；at home；at 249 Xiajiu Roadin表示較大的地方。We had learned l,000 English words by the end of last term.“during+時(shí)間段”與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用表示某期間的動(dòng)作。They finished the work after two years.I’ll ring you up after two o39。on Midautumn Dayon June lston a sunny morningsince指從某時(shí)一直延續(xù)至今，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)/時(shí)間段+ago/從句，主句用完成時(shí)。s surprise使……驚訝的是二、常用介詞的基本用法基本分類(lèi) 基本用法 例子 時(shí)間 介 詞at多用于表示具體的鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻前，也可用于固定搭配中，表示的時(shí)間大多比較短暫。s own eyes 親眼看見(jiàn) 14. after a while 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒15. from now on 從現(xiàn)在起 16. from then on 從那時(shí)起17. for example 例如 18. far away from 遠(yuǎn)離19. from morning till night 從早到晚 20. by and by 不久21. by air mail寄航空郵件22. by bike/air/train/bus騎自行車(chē)／乘飛機(jī)／火車(chē)／公共汽車(chē)23. by ordinary mail寄平信 24. by the way順便說(shuō)25. by the window在窗邊 26. by the end of...到……底為止27. little by little逐漸地 28. in all總共29. in fact事實(shí)上 30. in one39。 By the way, what time is it now? Do you like the jacket on the left? She looks so much like her mother. 給你的（信）(not…) at all 乘公共汽車(chē)（去）(play) in the park中考初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題介詞學(xué)案介詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)測(cè)驗(yàn) is a post office ________ the other side ________ the street. was angry ________ them and he left _________ telling anybody. had and you’ll catch up _________ others. can surf much information ________ the Internet. often learn English _______ each other. poor old man died ________ the evening of October 10. little girl ________ red looked beautiful. you know the key ________ success? walked along the river _______ another ten minutes. usually spend three hours ________ doing my homework.! They’re waiting ______ the bus ______ the busstop. do you go to work every day?______ underground. think the dictionary is quite useful ______ you. began to play the piano _______ the age ______ five. much did you pay ______ your new dress?一、【考點(diǎn)分析】一、介詞短語(yǔ)的形式：介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立存在?，F(xiàn)分別舉例如下：⑴ 介詞＋名詞，例如：(go) by bus 對(duì)自己（說(shuō)），自言自語(yǔ) (a letter) for you做那件事的（方式）be good at drawing pictures善于畫(huà)畫(huà)⑸ 介詞＋wh短語(yǔ)，例如：(talk) about what to do next（談?wù)摚┫乱徊皆撟鍪裁储?介詞＋從句，例如：Please think of what I said. ⑶ 介詞短語(yǔ)用作后置定語(yǔ)，例如：The girl in the hat is my sister. A policeman is standing next to him.s help 在某人的幫助下，由于某人的幫助11. with the help of．．． 在……的幫助下 12. with a smile 面帶笑容13. with one39。s joy使……高興的是55．to one39。in the twentyfirst centuryin autumnin the morningThey will finish the work in an hour. on主要用于表示星期幾，具體某一天的早、午、晚或用在時(shí)間名詞有形容詞修飾 前。(2)與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間之后。t go to bed until my mother came home. I waited for my mother until she came home.“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到……為止”，如果by后加“將來(lái)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；如果by后跟一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。clock. 地 點(diǎn) 介 詞at表示較小的地點(diǎn)。There is a bridge over the river.above指“在上方”，屬于斜上方。There are some trees in front of the classroom.in the front of表示“在……的前部”（范圍內(nèi)）。t hide behind the tree.at the back of表示“在…后部”：是in the front of的反義詞。Who39。You must choose one between her and me.among“在……之間”，表示“在三者或三者以上之間”。The hare ran into the forest.out of表示“從……里面出來(lái)”，是into的反義詞。My father will go to Beijing next week. The window opens towards the south．a(chǎn)long表示“順著，沿著”。They go to work by bike.The old man made a living by selling newspapers.in表示使用的材料或語(yǔ)言。（范圍之內(nèi)） Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)的東邊。This paper is made from wood．這種紙是由樹(shù)木制成的。He is used to getting up 。A pan is used for cooking. 鍋是用來(lái)炒菜的。 My car was used by my friend yesterday. 我的車(chē)昨天由我朋友使用。） 四、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)清單一、容易誤用的介詞1．in和on的區(qū)別 on the tree表示枝、葉、果實(shí)等長(zhǎng)“在樹(shù)上”。 on the wall表示東西粘貼或掛“在墻上”。2．between和among的區(qū)別 between常指“在……（兩者）之間”；among指“在……（三者或三者以上的人或物）之間”。3．a(chǎn)c