【正文】 出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：① 連詞（as, as if , once）+ 名詞如：Once(he was)a worker ,Pang Long now bees a famous ，現(xiàn)在變成一位著名的歌手。④連詞(when , while , though)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞如：While(he was)holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George thanked China for its important role in the SixParty ，感謝中國在六方會談中起的重要作用。d better not refer to the ，你最好不要查字典。Before leaving, turn off all the lights.(Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)走之前，請關(guān)閉所有的燈。注：as在引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，沒有這種省略現(xiàn)象。如：Send the goods now if(they are)，請送過來。If(it is)true, this will casue us a lot of ，這會給我們帶來很多麻煩。Even if(I am)invited to, I won’t go to such a bad ，我都不想聽如此壞的報告。本文就此的構(gòu)成、特點及用法等作一較全面闡述,以幫助同學(xué)們掌握這一重要的語法知識。(with+名詞+介詞短語,作伴隨狀語。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中第一部分與第二部分語法上是賓語和賓語補足語關(guān)系,而在邏輯上,卻具有主謂關(guān)系,也就是說,可以用第一部分作主語,第二部分作謂語,構(gòu)成一個句子。,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、和過去分詞的區(qū)別： 在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補,表示主動,但是不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或發(fā)生了的動作；過去分詞表示被動或完成。： with結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),但在結(jié)構(gòu)上,with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without引導(dǎo),名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其它詞類所修飾,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散；而獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有with或without引導(dǎo),結(jié)構(gòu)嚴密,名詞前可用可不用修飾語。引導(dǎo)詞的角度（1）可以同時用于名詞性從句和狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：when , whatever , that , where(2)可以同時用于形容詞性從句和狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：as , that , where , when （1）狀語從句具有副詞的功能（2）定語從句具有形容詞的功能（3）名詞性從句具有名詞的功能 （1）名詞性從句充當(dāng)：主語，賓語，表語，同位語（2）形容詞性從句充當(dāng)：定語（3）副詞性從句充當(dāng)：狀語 (1)狀語從句和名詞性從句成分完整(2)定語從句成分不完整 5。功能角度在整個主從句中作狀語 3。時態(tài)的角度時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用將來時，從句一般用現(xiàn)在時 模型鏈 狀語從句定義：在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。其連詞有：when（當(dāng)……的時候）, while（當(dāng)……的時候）, as（當(dāng)……的時候）, as soon as（一……就……）, once（一旦……）等。I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from 。He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前，所以主句用了過去完成時）他去倫敦之前已學(xué)了三年英語。例如：Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help ，他們就來幫我們。如： It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was… since…是常用句型）我們到這兒剛剛一星期。Things went well until / till one night an accident ，直到有一天晚上發(fā)生了意外。You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語從句)哪有問題，你最好在哪做個記號。Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting ，我們決定延期開會。引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（為了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（萬一）等，從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。（該從句中一般用情態(tài)動詞should+動詞原形，或省略should）Better take more clothes in case the weather is 。（such是形容詞，后接名詞）The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the ，所以這地圖上沒有。He has so few friends that he often feels ，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨。As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overe the ，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。As/So far as I know, he is an expert on ，他是一個DNA專家。She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for ，仿佛在等人似的。The busier he is, the happier he feels.（常見句型）他越忙越開心。(though, although不能與 but連用)Whether you believe it or not, it’s ，這是真的。連詞as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但從句中要用特殊語序。I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed ，但是我喜歡干。t remember all the 表示兩個人或兩件事之間的對比，常用 while 或 whereas 引導(dǎo)，如：He is idle, while his brother is people like fat meat, whereas others hate of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、結(jié)果和目的從句)原因從句主要由下列從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：1． Because, as, since。now that 有“時間”含義，表示”既然”，說明一種新情況；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“條件”含義；in that 有”某一方面”含義，如：Now that you are well again you can (that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good was lucky in that I was able to find a good babysitter（保姆）.結(jié)果從句常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes was such a good runner that I couldn39。）What blood vessel is to a man39。）Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他寧可沿街乞討，也不愿意用欺騙手段騙取錢。B、because, as, since和now that的區(qū)別：because“因為”，表示直接的原因，語氣最強。4）because+ 從句；because of+ 名詞短語 I missed the train because I got up was angry not because we were late but because we made a didn’t he e yesterday?Because he was 、as“因為”，語氣較弱，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號隔開，表示的是明顯的原因。對主句補充說明理由或推斷原因。1）why提問的句子，必須用because回答。since/now that：“既然”，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號隔開，表示的是明顯的原因或眾所周知的事實。分類：按意義可分為時間、條件、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、比較等狀語從句。（2.）no sooner/hardly/scarcely放在句首時,過去完成時句子部分倒裝，后面不倒裝。這時be doing sth when …正在做。才。還是。the +比較級…。的方式）。no … more than（不如。because, since，as的區(qū)別：結(jié)構(gòu)：n.(無冠詞)/adj./adv./v +as/though +主語＋謂語(時態(tài))eg：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign 目的狀語從句Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）引導(dǎo)詞：so that（以便于）, in order that（以便于，為了），lest（以防）, in caseno matter wh…只用于讓步狀語從句，wh+ever用于讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句,同（以防，萬一）, for fear that（以防，擔(dān)心，害怕），in the hope that（希望能）, for the時出現(xiàn)用wh+everpurpose that（為了）, to the end that（為了）八 比較狀語從句六 結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較):as…as..(和…一樣)not as/so as(不如…)引導(dǎo)連詞有so that（以便于）, so….that, such….that…(如此。（5）強調(diào)句：結(jié)構(gòu) it is not until +被強調(diào)部分+that + 其他since 用法since結(jié)構(gòu) 現(xiàn)在完成時+since+過去時 since強調(diào)句 it is +一段時間+since +過去時二 條件狀語從句（主將從現(xiàn)）引導(dǎo)詞: if（如果）, unless=if…not（除非,如果不）, as long as =so long as（只要), in case(that)(以防,萬一), on condition that(只要，條件是), if only(要是...多好), only if(只要), supposing/ suppose(假設(shè)，如果)provided that /providing(如果)，assuming that（假設(shè)）seeing that（考慮到，鑒于）,considering that（考慮到）, given that（假設(shè)）三 地點狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are you go, you should work It is such an interesting book that she has read it ：1不可數(shù)名詞一定與such連用 2可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一定與such連用 3 little譯為“少的”與so 連用，譯為“小的”通常與such 連用。這時just …when …正?？梢员硎局骶涞膭幼骱蛷木涞膭幼魍瑫r發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。every time, each time, the last time, the first ti