【正文】 。阻礙細(xì)菌DNA的復(fù)制和轉(zhuǎn)錄，阻礙DNA復(fù)制將導(dǎo)致細(xì)菌細(xì)胞分裂繁殖受阻，阻礙DNA轉(zhuǎn)錄成mRNA則導(dǎo)致后續(xù)的mRNA翻譯合成蛋白的過程受阻。與細(xì)菌細(xì)胞膜相互作用，增強(qiáng)細(xì)菌細(xì)胞膜的通透性、打開膜上的離子通道，讓細(xì)菌內(nèi)部的有用物質(zhì)漏出菌體或電解質(zhì)平衡失調(diào)而死。, 特別是廣譜抗生素。每日3 次, 即每8 小時(shí)服1 次, 而不是指在每日三頓飯時(shí)服用。the antibiotic is still at this point doctor treats in the course of infection the essential not only could destroys bacteria but also could decreased and destroyed the molds, mycoplasma and other that can make person fall have four mechanisms against the hurtfully the bacteria posite the cell wall, result in the bacteria blasting to with the bacterium cell membrane, the enhancement bacterium cell membrane39。I’ll have to get back to you on can’t quite remember。注意在達(dá)到規(guī)定時(shí)間時(shí)應(yīng)立刻結(jié)束討論環(huán)節(jié)，在回答最后一個(gè)問題之前們就要禮貌地表示即將超時(shí)，并可以讓其他提問者將問題留在會(huì)后進(jìn)行討論。對(duì)于過于復(fù)雜的深層問題無法進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單回答時(shí)，可以在簡(jiǎn)略回答之后邀約提問者在其他時(shí)間進(jìn)行討論?；卮饐栴}時(shí)應(yīng)盡可能簡(jiǎn)潔，切題。在回答完畢之后，可以再次通過目光了解提問者是否對(duì)回答表示滿意。在報(bào)告前，報(bào)告人應(yīng)將對(duì)答環(huán)節(jié)的準(zhǔn)備作為準(zhǔn)備工作的一部分，進(jìn)行深入考慮，全面的預(yù)測(cè)聽眾可能提出的問題，可以假設(shè)一些問題，并準(zhǔn)備好最合適的解答。第一篇：國際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議常用語(英語)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議常用表達(dá)（1）名稱conference academic conference annual meeting/symposium/conferenceinternational conference forum, international forumsymposium workshop（2）日期dates/important dates/key dates（3）地點(diǎn)location/venue conference location/venue（4）主題issues/themes/(main)topics/scope of conference topic of interestsconference themes/topics 2．論文征稿、提交與錄用call for abstract/proposal/paperpaper deadline deadline for abstract/full paper/proposal submission submission deadlinedeadline extended date for mortification of acceptance Paper acceptance/rejection will be informed by… deadline for authors notificationcamera ready version deadline deadline/closing date for registration registration fees and itemstelegraphic transfer onlyregistration form official invitation letter bank transferregistration informationpayment bank draft/check conference schedule/programpreliminary conference programfinal conference programopening ceremony/session keynote session/parallel session/tutorial sessionkeynote speech oral presentationposter presentationtea/coffee break(buffet)lunch/(buffet)supper(wele)banquetopeningquestion and answerintroduction to speaker ment on speakertheme/paper presentation closing 6．學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議的問答討論環(huán)節(jié)口語學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告之后的問答討論環(huán)節(jié)（Question and Answer Session）是同行之間交流的良好機(jī)會(huì)，雙方可以針對(duì)報(bào)告中的具體問題進(jìn)行探討（1）答問的方式與技巧回答討論環(huán)節(jié)可以讓報(bào)告人通過互動(dòng)及時(shí)地獲得信息反饋并可以把在討論中或得的建設(shè)性建議用于下一步的工作，因此對(duì)科研工作有很大的促進(jìn)作用。由于時(shí)間關(guān)系，回答者在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)一般沒有充分的時(shí)間進(jìn)行考慮，這就要求報(bào)告人要事先進(jìn)行充分的準(zhǔn)備。在開始回答問題時(shí)，首先與提問者目光接觸，然后轉(zhuǎn)向其他所有聽眾，這樣可以獲得所有聽眾的注意。不要對(duì)問題進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，避免說類似“That was a great question”的話，如果想要對(duì)某一問題進(jìn)行肯定，可以用“Thanks for asking that question”或“I get asked that question by many people.”等中性的表述，還可以讓聽眾感到平等。如果提問者對(duì)報(bào)告內(nèi)容提出不同見解，可以通過資料、事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)等來證明自己的觀點(diǎn)，但一定注意態(tài)度要禮貌謙和。⑤ 時(shí)間的把握為了能夠巧妙地結(jié)束回答問題環(huán)節(jié)，可事先準(zhǔn)備一段總結(jié)性的陳述用來重申報(bào)告主題并結(jié)束問答環(huán)節(jié)。（2）常用表達(dá)① 提問I would like to ask/address/raise a question about… I would like to know(whether)… I would be glad to know(whether)… I have a question about…May I ask(a question about)…? My question is/concerns//is concerned with… What I would like to ask is… What I am asking is …I wonder if you would like to explain/ment on the point of…I would be grateful/appreciate/obliged/for(to have)some explanation about…I wonder if you would be kind enough to explain/ment on/give some example for… I wonder(What I am wondering