【正文】 ...................................................28 3 強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................................29 鋼材的選擇 .....................................................................................................29 殼體、封頭、法蘭及開口補(bǔ)強(qiáng) .........................................................................29 殼體的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................29 內(nèi)壓封頭設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................31 法蘭設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................................32 開口補(bǔ)強(qiáng) ..............................................................................................38 管板 ................................................................................................................41 墊片壓緊力作用中心圓直徑 ..................................................................42 （ 1）墊片設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................42 確定管板設(shè)計(jì)壓力 ................................................................................43 管板計(jì)算厚度 ? 和名義厚度 n? ..............................................................43 換熱管軸向應(yīng)力 ....................................................................................43 換熱器和管板連接拉脫力 ......................................................................44 支座 ................................................................................................................44 計(jì)算鞍座反力 .......................................................................................44 計(jì)算圓筒軸向彎矩 ................................................................................45 計(jì)算圓筒軸向應(yīng)力 ................................................................................45 計(jì)算圓筒、封頭切向應(yīng)力 ......................................................................47 計(jì)算圓筒周向應(yīng)力 ................................................................................48 計(jì)算鞍座有效斷面平均應(yīng)力 ..................................................................48 4 換熱器的制造、檢驗(yàn)、安裝與維修 ...............................................................................49 、檢驗(yàn)與驗(yàn)收 ...............................................................................49 ........................................................................................................49 換熱管 ....................................................................................................49 ........................................................................................................49 折流板、支持板 ......................................................................................50 管束的組裝 .............................................................................................50 ..........................................................................................50 壓力試驗(yàn) ................................................................................................50 換熱器的安裝與維護(hù) .......................................................................................50 ........................................................................................................50 維護(hù) .......................................................................................................51 結(jié) 論 ............................................................................................................................52 致 謝 ............................................................................................................................53 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................54 化工系畢業(yè)（論文）設(shè)計(jì) 1 1 緒論 課題背景 隨著世界性的能源危機(jī)波及到了裝備制造業(yè)及石油化工這些耗材及耗能的大戶，以及國家節(jié)能減排長期國策的確立，作為能量回收裝備 — 熱交換設(shè)備的提高傳熱效能及降低能耗的研究被提高到了很重要的地位。 （ 3）強(qiáng)化傳熱的研究：如強(qiáng)化傳熱管研究、板管的研究（如板殼式、板空冷等）。換熱器分類方式多樣，按照其工作原理可分為：直接接觸式換熱器、蓄能式換熱器和間壁式換熱器三大類，其中間壁式換熱器用量最大，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，這類換熱器占總用量的 99%。 管殼式 換熱器的效率問題是設(shè)計(jì)的核心。 本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)通過 U 型管換熱器強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合起來，掌握典型過程設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)的一般程序，