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循環(huán)水換熱器設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(文件)

 

【正文】 280~17 水蒸汽冷凝 水 4250~1420 水蒸汽冷凝 氣體 300~30 低沸點(diǎn)烴類蒸汽冷凝(常壓) 水 1140~455 高沸點(diǎn)烴類蒸汽冷凝(常壓) 水 170~60 水蒸汽冷凝 水沸騰 4250~2020 水蒸汽冷凝 輕油沸騰 1020~455 水蒸汽冷凝 重油沸騰 425~140 則有估算的傳熱面積: mtK QA m ?? ?????? 計(jì) 計(jì)算工藝結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 ( 1) 管徑和管內(nèi)流速 ① 管徑 選擇管徑時(shí),應(yīng)盡可能使流速高些,但一般不應(yīng)超過(guò)規(guī)定的流速范圍。在變溫傳熱中,沿傳熱面溫度差是變化的,所以在傳熱計(jì)算中需要求出傳熱過(guò)程的平均溫度差 mt? 。 S h? ? c? ? 導(dǎo)熱系數(shù) mW/ 但溫度很高的流 體,其熱能可以利用,宜選管程,以減少熱損失。 ④ 為增大對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù),需要提高流速的流體宜走管程,因管程流通截面積一 般比殼程小,且做成多管程也較容易。 3 換熱器的工藝設(shè)計(jì) 工藝計(jì)算 流徑選擇 ( 1) 選擇原則 ① 不清潔或易結(jié)垢的流體宜走容易清洗的一側(cè)。 圖 26 釜式重沸器 選擇換熱器的類型 兩流體溫度變化情況: 熱流體(循環(huán)水)進(jìn)口溫度: 55℃,出口溫度 40℃; 冷流體(冷卻水)進(jìn)口溫度: 10℃,出口溫度 35℃; 對(duì)于黏度較低的流體,其定性溫度可取流體進(jìn)出口溫度的平均值。 圖 24 填料函雙殼程換熱器 6 圖 25 填料 函分流式換熱器 ( 5) 釜式重沸器 釜式重沸器的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖 26 所示,這種換熱器的管束可以為浮頭式、 U 形管式和固定管板式結(jié)構(gòu),所以它具有浮頭式、 U 形管式換熱器的特性。由于采用填料函式密封 結(jié)構(gòu),使得管束在殼體軸向可以自由伸縮,不會(huì)產(chǎn)生殼壁與管壁熱變形差而引起的熱應(yīng)力。當(dāng)管子泄漏損壞時(shí),只有管束外圍處的 U 形管才便于更換,內(nèi)層換熱管壞了不能更換,只能堵死,而壞 5 一 根 U 形管相當(dāng)于壞兩根管,報(bào)廢率較高。適用于殼體和管束之間壁溫差較大或殼程 介質(zhì)易結(jié)垢的場(chǎng)合。 4 圖 21 固定管板式換熱器 ( 2)浮頭式換熱器 浮頭式換熱器的典型結(jié)構(gòu)如圖 22 所示,兩管板中只有一端與殼體固定,另一端可相對(duì)殼體自由移動(dòng),稱為浮頭。 ( 1)固定管板式換熱器 固定管板式換熱器的典型結(jié)構(gòu)如圖 21 所示,管束連接在管板上,管板與殼體焊接。在相同流速時(shí)殼程流動(dòng)壓降小 。相鄰折流板的周邊相接與外圓處成連續(xù)螺旋狀。 隨著動(dòng)力、石油化工工業(yè)的發(fā)展,其設(shè)備也繼續(xù)向著高溫、高壓、大型化 方向發(fā)展。近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)在節(jié)能增效等方面改 進(jìn)換熱器性能,提高傳熱效率,減少傳熱面積降低壓降,提高裝置熱強(qiáng)度等方面的研究取得了顯著成績(jī)。 通過(guò)這次設(shè)計(jì),幫助我們復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固了以往學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的知識(shí),提高了綜合運(yùn)用專業(yè)知識(shí)分析和解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力,并對(duì)換熱器有了一個(gè)深入的了解。 本設(shè)計(jì)是有關(guān)管殼式換熱器類型中的一種,管殼式換熱器具有可靠性高、適用性廣等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在各工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中得到最為廣泛應(yīng)用。它的作用是通過(guò)溫度相對(duì)較低的水來(lái)把其他設(shè)備所產(chǎn)生的熱量帶走,從而使設(shè)備部分的溫度保持在一個(gè)生產(chǎn)所需要的水平,使設(shè)備正常工作。換熱器因而面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)。例如,煙道氣(約C?300~200 )、高爐爐氣(約 C?1500 )、需要冷卻的化學(xué)反應(yīng)工藝氣( C?1000~300 )等的余熱,通過(guò)余熱鍋爐可生產(chǎn)壓力蒸汽,作為供熱、供氣、發(fā)電和動(dòng)力的輔助資源,從而提高熱能的總利用率,降低燃料消耗和電耗,提高工業(yè) 生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 [9]。它是化工、煉油、動(dòng)力、食品、輕工、原子能、制藥、機(jī)械及其他許多工業(yè)部門廣泛使用的一種通用設(shè)備。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù),完成對(duì)換熱面積、總換熱系數(shù)等工藝參數(shù)的確定,同時(shí)進(jìn)行換熱面積、壁溫和壓力降的核算。因此,循環(huán)水冷卻器的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)是很重要的,它很可能影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,對(duì)其的設(shè)計(jì)具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)際意義 。其中以管殼式換熱器應(yīng)用更為廣泛。由于使用條件不同,換熱設(shè)備可以有各種各樣的型式和結(jié)構(gòu)。它的作用是通過(guò)溫度相對(duì)較低的水來(lái)把其他設(shè)備所產(chǎn)生的熱量帶走,從而使設(shè)備部分的溫度保持在一個(gè)生產(chǎn)所需要的水平,使設(shè)備正常工作。在本設(shè)計(jì)中以 GB 1502020《壓力容器》、 GB 1511999《管殼式換熱器》等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和《固定式壓力容器安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程》為依據(jù),并參考《換熱器設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》,首先通過(guò)方案的論證,確定物料的物性參數(shù),再結(jié)合工作條件,選定換熱器的形式。 Circulating water cooler design [Abstract]: The heat transfer process is the chemical production process of existence and its general process, heat equipment for this process is various, is one of the indispensable process equipment. Due to the use of different conditions, heat exchange equipment can have various types and structure. The tubular heat exchanger applied more widely. Now, it is regarded as a kind of traditional standard heat exchange equipment widely used in many industrial departments, especially used in chemical, petroleum, energy equipment transfer equipment is still in a dominant position. Circulating water cooler is a change of thermal equipment, is the important equipment in the production. It is the role of the relatively low temperature water to take away the heat generated by the other device, so as to make part of the temperature is maintained at the required a production level, so that the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, the production design of circulating water cooler of enterprise is very important, it is likely to affect the economic losses of enterprises, which is of great practical significance to the design. This design is for the study of fixed tube plate heat exchanger on the tube shell type. A fixed tube plate heat exchanger, belonging to the shell and tube heat exchanger, is the use of the high temperature fluid and wall temperature fluid of convective heat transfer and heat transfer between the material. In this design, the GB 1502020 , GB 1511999 pressure vessel shell and tube type heat exchanger standards and fixed pressure vessel safety technology supervision regulation as the basis, and with reference to Design Handbook heat exchanger, the scheme is demonstrated, to determine the physical material parameters, bined with the working conditions, select the type of heat exchanger. According to the design task, determine the process parameters on the heat transfer area, the total heat transfer coefficient, and heat transfer area, wall temperature and pressure drop calculation. Then the mechanical design based on process parameters, mechanical design including the tube, tube box, tube plate, baffle, head, tube heat exchanger, saddle and other parts, such as the bar, fixed pitch pipe calculation and selection, and calculated the strength necessary, finally using AutoCAD drawing fixed tube plate heat exchanger the assembly diagram and parts diagram, and writing a specification. [keyword]:heat exchanger,the heat transfer area,tube sheet,heat exchange tube. 目 錄 1 概述 ..........................................................................................................................1 選題的根據(jù)和意義 ...........................................................................................1 本設(shè)計(jì)的目的和要求 .......................................................................................2 國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ...................................................................................2 2 管殼式換熱器的分類和選型 .................................................................................3 分類 ...................................................................................................................3 選型 ...................................................................................................................6 3 換熱器的工藝設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................7 工藝計(jì)算 ...........................................................................................................7 流徑選擇 ...............
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