chapter11-pricingwithmarketpower(文件)
【正文】 ?對不同時間定不同的價格，將消費者分成不同需求函數(shù)的不同組別 ?首先制定高價，撮取低彈性消費者的剩余；然后逐步降價。e Gelatin Spaghetti sauce Cr232。 more inelastic ?MR1 = MR2 = MC ?QT control MC Q1 P1 MC = MR1 at Q1 and P1 Chapter 11 Slide 12 Price Discrimination ? Third Degree Price Discrimination ? P1: price first group ? P2: price second group ? QT = Q1 + Q2 ? C(QT) = total cost of QT ? Profit = P1Q1 + P2Q2 C(QT) ?Chapter 11 Slide 13 Price Discrimination ? Third Degree Price Discrimination ? Set incremental for sales to group 1 = 0 ? ? ?0(11)111?????????QCPQ?MCQCMRP ???????11111 )(Chapter 11 Slide 14 Price Discrimination ? Third Degree Price Discrimination ? Determining relative prices ? ? ?)11()11(11222111 EPMREPMREPMR d??????? :T h e n :R e c a l lSecond group of customers: MR2 = MC MR1 = MR2 = MC Chapter 11 Slide 15 Price Discrimination ? Third Degree Price Discrimination ? Determining relative prices ? ? Pricing: Charge higher price to group with a low demand elasticity )11()11(1221EEPP??? :A n dChapter 11 Slide 16 Price Discrimination ? Third Degree Price Discrimination ? Example: E1 = 2 amp。 ? First Degree Price Discrimination ? 向每個顧客索要其原意為所買每單位商品支付的最高價格（保留價格） Chapter 11 Slide 6 FirstDegree Price Discrimination in Practice Quantity D MR MC $/Q P2 P3 P*4 P5 P6 P1 Six prices exist resulting in higher profits. With a single price P*4, there are few consumers and those who pay P5 or P6 may have a surplus. Q Chapter 11 Slide 7 P* Q* Consumer surplus when a single price P* is charged. Variable profit when a single price P* is charged. Additional profit from perfect price discrimination Quantity $/Q Pmax D = AR MR MC Q** PC With perfect discrimination ? Each customer pays their reservation price ?Profits increase Additional Profit From Perfect FirstDegree Price Discrimination Chapter 11 Slide 8 ? Question ? Why would a producer have difficulty in achieving firstdegree price discrimination? ? Answer 1) Too many customers (impractical) 2) Could not estimate the reservation price for each customer Additional Profit From Perfect FirstDegree Price Discrimination Chapter 11 Slide 9 Price Discrimination ? First Degree Price Discrimination ?有時廠商通過索要幾個基于顧客保留價格估計的不同價格，實行不完全價格歧視。 consumer would buy at a lower price ?P1: less sales and profits ?P2 : increase sales amp。Chapter 11 有市場勢力的定價 Chapter 11 Slide 2 討論 ?價格歧視：善良還是狡猾？ ?越劇 《 何文秀 》 中有個算命先生說：“大戶人家叫算命，命金要收五兩銀；中等人家叫算命，待茶待飯待點心；貧窮人家叫算命，不要銀子半毫分，倘若家中有小兒，先生還要送禮金，倒貼銅錢廿四文，送與小兒買糕餅。 Q MC=MR ?A: consumer surplus with P* ?B: PMC amp。 ? 狹義的價格歧視有三種類型：一級價格歧視、二級價格歧視和三級價格歧視。 more elastic ?Group 2: P2Q2。 優(yōu)惠券和回扣的經(jīng)濟學 1221(1 1 )(1 1 )PE???Chapter 11 Slide 20 Toilet tissue Stuffing/dressing Shampoo Cooking/salad oil Dry mix din
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