外文翻譯---制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)(文件)
【正文】 持制動(dòng)液裝置充滿制動(dòng)液除非你需要維修它，制動(dòng)液必須保持很高的沸點(diǎn)。在車的行進(jìn)中上下來回運(yùn)動(dòng)。你不可以用銅管來修理制動(dòng)系。這個(gè)過程類似于自行車的剎車，自行車的兩個(gè)橡膠板作用在車輪上制造摩擦。熱能就是使制動(dòng)襯墊和制動(dòng)蹄上的摩擦消失并且代替。使車輪停止。在盤式制動(dòng)器中，主缸中的液體被迫壓縮到活塞中。如果鋼線需要修理的話，最好的方法就是代替這條線。制動(dòng)液通過一系列的管路從主缸到達(dá)各車輪。隨著制動(dòng)踏板的運(yùn)動(dòng)制動(dòng)液就會(huì)緩慢的下降，正常情況下是這樣的。（如果制動(dòng)液沸騰，需要有一個(gè)柔軟的制動(dòng)踏板并使車很難停下來）。磨損性能和金屬或非金屬襯料相似，取決于所購買的產(chǎn)品。在改變制動(dòng)器材料之前，和零售商或部分供貨商談?wù)?，請他們幫忙決定哪種襯料更合適。在大多數(shù)情況下，金屬復(fù)合襯墊比非金屬襯墊耐久性強(qiáng)，但是車輪的損耗較大。一般來說，金屬的質(zhì)量越高，摩擦材料越耐熱。一般來說，有機(jī)材料和非金屬石棉復(fù)合制動(dòng)器聲音較低，但這種制動(dòng)器必須在高溫下操縱，因此它們可能不是在運(yùn)輸重物或在山上駕駛的最好選擇。襯料聯(lián)結(jié)（粘貼）或鉚接在金屬上。這也確保了前閘不會(huì)單獨(dú)用于停止車輛。閘門里的活塞受力，作用一邊前后的制動(dòng)環(huán)路。然后，隨著制動(dòng)蹄片的返回，回位彈簧推動(dòng)制動(dòng)蹄片回到釋放狀態(tài)下的原始位置，通過補(bǔ)償氣孔，流體返回到主缸，補(bǔ)償孔一直打開，直至活塞返回到原始位置。在盤式制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中，制動(dòng)輪缸是制動(dòng)鉗的一部分（制動(dòng)輪缸多則四個(gè)，少則兩個(gè)）無論盤式制動(dòng)器還是鼓式制動(dòng)器，所有活塞均采用某種類型的橡膠封口以防活塞周圍的泄漏。依附于制動(dòng)器踏板上的是一個(gè)開關(guān)，當(dāng)踩下踏板時(shí)，制動(dòng)器的燈也隨之點(diǎn)亮。整個(gè)液壓系統(tǒng)從主缸到車輪充滿著液壓制動(dòng)流體。主缸由一個(gè)活塞和一個(gè)貯液罐組成。制動(dòng)器的踏板操縱著制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，其原因有二。附 錄1Hydraulic Brake SystemsThe braking system is the most important system in cars. If the brake system fail, the result can be disastrous.When you step on the brake pedal, you expect the vehicle to stop. The brake pedal operates a hydraulic system that is used for two reasons. First, fluid under pressure can be carried to all parts of the vehicle by small hoses or metal lines with out taking up a lot of room or causing routing problems. Second, the hydraulic fluid offers a great mechanical advantagelittle foot pressure is required on the pedal, but a great deal of pressure is generated at the wheels. The brake pedal is linked to a piston in the brake master cylinder, which is filled with hydraulic brake fluid. The master cylinder consists of a cylinder containing a small piston and a fluid reservoir.Modern master cylinders are actually two separate cylinders. Such a system is called a dual circuit, because the front cylinder is connected to the front brakes and the rear cylinder to the rear brakes. (Some vehicles are connected diagonally.) The two cylinders are actually separated, allowing for emergency stopping power should one part of the system fail.The entire hydraulic system from the master cylinder to the wheels is full of hydraulic brake fluid. When the brake pedal is depressed, the pistons in the master cylinder are forced to move, exerting tremendous force on the fluid in the lines. The fluid has nowhere to go, and forces the wheel cylinder pistons (drum brakes) or caliper pistons (disc brakes) to exert pressure on the brake shoes or pads. The friction between the bra
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