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八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)外研版(新)各模塊知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)20xx-1-9(文件)

 

【正文】 t it. Let’s have a party sometime next week. I will stay with you for some time. 11. try to do sth 試圖去做某事 try one’s best to do sth 盡某人全力去做某事 have a try 試一試 Eg : The little boy tries to go across the road by himself. We should try our best to save the animals in danger. Do you have a try? 12. pick up 撿起,拾起 (代詞只能放中間,名詞放在中間或后面均可 ) pick sb up (開車 )接某人 pick sth up 學(xué)會(huì)某事 Eg: After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday. Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer. 13. call sb call up=ring up 打電話給 sb call on 拜訪 sb Eg: Call me up tomorrow. I called on my grandparents yesterday. 14. take photos 照相 15. hide—hid—hidden 隱藏 hide up 包庇 (壞人 ) hide sth from sb 瞞著某人某事 hide out 躲藏 Eg: Why did the policeman catch the man just now? He hid up the murderer. She hid her brother’s death from her parents. 16. throw—threw—thrown 扔;拋 throw away 拋棄 throw about 到處亂扔 throw at 向 …… 扔去 Eg: Don’t throw about the waste paper. The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone. 17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo. 10 / 58 lie 此處為不及物動(dòng)詞,意為 “躺 ”。 lie to sb 向 sb 撒謊 Eg: Don’t lie to me. ② 不及物動(dòng)詞,意為 “位于 ”。 1. when 引導(dǎo)的從句可表示時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可表示時(shí)間段,從句的位于動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞; while 引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示時(shí)間段,從句中宜用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。 此外, when 還含有 “at the moment “的意思,此時(shí)引導(dǎo)的句子不能放在句首,也不能用 while 來(lái)替換 主謂一致判斷法 主謂一致是指在一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子中,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致,這種一 致性體現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞 be 和助動(dòng)詞 do, have 的人稱和數(shù)上,以及實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)上 1. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 2. 動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 3. Either…or… : neither…nor…: not only…but also…: 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 形容人口( population)的多少用 big/ large 或 small 當(dāng) population 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) ●詢問(wèn)某地有多少人口有兩種表達(dá)方法: 1. What’s the population of … 2. How large is the population of … 注意:詢問(wèn)某地有多少人口時(shí)不用 how many 和 how much hundred\thousand\million\billion 等前有數(shù)字,用單數(shù)形式 three hundred hundred\thousand\million\billion 等后有 of,用復(fù)數(shù)形式 thousands of 2. noise (n.) 噪音 noisy(adj.) 吵鬧的 make noise 發(fā)出噪音 voice 指嗓音 (人說(shuō)話或唱歌 ) sound 指一切聲音 3. prepare 準(zhǔn)備 prepare for 為 …… 做準(zhǔn)備 prepare to do sth 準(zhǔn)備去做某事 . Eg: They are preparing for the New Year. We prepare to go fishing next weekend. 11 / 58 4. report 報(bào)告;報(bào)道 make a report 做報(bào)告 reporter 記者,通訊員 notes 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 “筆記 隨筆 ” make notes 記筆記 5. such as \for example 例如,比如 too much+不可數(shù)名詞 much too+adj. 太 ……too many+ 可數(shù)名詞 Eg: I like fruit, such as apples, bananas. I have too much homework to do today. That dress is much too long for me. There are too many people in the shop on Sunday. 6. increase by+倍數(shù) \百分?jǐn)?shù) 增加了 …… to+具體增長(zhǎng)后的數(shù)字 增加到 …… Eg: The number of teachers increased by twice. The population of the town increased to 50000. 7. be born in+年份 \地點(diǎn) I was born in 1985. of+家庭 He was born of a rich family. 8. one fifth 五分之一 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):分子在前,用基數(shù)詞;分母在后,用序數(shù)詞。 不定冠詞的常見用法有: ① 表示 “一個(gè) ”的概念。 have a good time have a look have a rest ● ① 指前文中提到過(guò)的人或物。 the sun the moon ⑥ 用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式之前,表示 “一家人 ”或 “夫婦二人 ”。 play the piano ⑩ 某些形容詞前加定冠詞 the ,表示一類人或物 。本模塊中,我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)字的讀法。當(dāng)分子是 1 時(shí),分母用原形;當(dāng)分子大于 1 時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化,其后接的動(dòng)詞需用原形,否定式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加上 not. 一.當(dāng)我。 Eg: My father is arriving in England tomorrow. you joking? joke n. 笑話;玩笑 play a joke on sb make a joke of\about ab v. 開玩笑 Eg: It is impolite to play a joke on the old. 4. minus 減去 ,負(fù) , 零下 (溫度 ) Eg: Two minus one is one. The temperature is minus 3 degrees. 盡管;雖然 (although 與 but 不能連用 ) Eg: It isn’t warm today, although the sun is shining. 6. what’s the weather like (in sp)? Eg: What is the weather like in Jinhua today? It is cold today. 詢問(wèn)天氣還可 以用 how is theweather (in sp)? weather 是不可數(shù)名詞,不可以用 a\an 修飾 well 也;還 (放句末 ) too 也 (放句末 ) also 也,而且 (放句中 ) 8. neither……nor…… 既不 …… 也不 ……( 兩者都不 ) either……or…… 或者 …… 或者 ……( 兩者之一 ) 這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)在判斷主謂一致時(shí)遵循就近原則。而進(jìn)位的讀法則為 thousand, million , billion 向上遞增。 Tom can play volleyball . ② 名詞前已有指示代詞,物主代詞,不定代詞或數(shù)詞等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)名詞前不用冠詞 There are many books in her schoolbag. ③ 在某些固定短語(yǔ)或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中不用冠詞 by bus have breakfast at home at night 『注意』 :在某些短語(yǔ)中,名詞前用冠詞和不用冠詞的意義有所不同。 the biggest city ⑧ 用于序數(shù)詞前。 The girl with long hair is my younger sister . ③ 指說(shuō)話雙方都知道的人或物 I had to write the same report last term . ④ 用于專有名詞前。 I watch TV once a week . ③ 首次提到的某人或某物,不定冠詞起介紹作用。冠詞有三種形式:不定冠詞( a/an) , 定冠詞( the)和零冠詞( /)。 M9 Population 1. The population of China is about . Thepopulation of sp is……. 表示 sp 有多少人。 We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off. 3. 當(dāng)主從句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生,主從句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句多用 while 引導(dǎo)。 Shandong lies in the east of China. 山東位于中國(guó)東部。 He was lying on the bed. lie 的其他用法: ① 不及物動(dòng)詞,意為 “說(shuō)謊 ”。 (3) 引導(dǎo)詞: ? that 無(wú)意義,不充當(dāng)任何成分,??梢允÷?; ? if\whether 表示 “是否 ”,不充當(dāng)任何成分,兩者可以互換,但有 or not 時(shí)只能用 whether; ? who\what\where\when\why 等表示 “誰(shuí) ”、 “什么 ”、 “哪里 ”、 “何時(shí) ”、 “為什么 ”,分別可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ), 不可以省略。在英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)形容修飾不定代詞 something\anything\nothing\everything等時(shí),形容詞必須放在不定代詞后面,作后置定語(yǔ)。 told us not to play basketball too 。 8 / 58 . Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter. 王女士去上??赐呐畠?。 was heard to speak 。 Let’s see the dolphins. 我們?nèi)タ春k喟伞? asked him to turn down the 。( want to do “想要做某事 ”) 注意: a. 一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ),常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望,如: would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。 mother wants her to read English every 。 表示被動(dòng)意義,多指人對(duì)事物的感受,主語(yǔ)一般是人,常用于 “sb.+ed 形容詞 +介詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)。 hard 作為 ,通常在修飾的動(dòng)詞之后,而 hardly 通常在動(dòng)詞之前, 譯這句中文 “Tom學(xué)習(xí)努力,而他的妹妹則幾乎不學(xué)習(xí)。 careful—carefully useful—usefully 7 / 58 full—fully 溫馨提示: 副詞修飾行為動(dòng)詞這一點(diǎn)。 possible—possibly terrible—terribly 少數(shù)以 e 結(jié)尾 的形容詞,要去掉 e 再加 ly。 一般在形容詞的詞尾加 ly 可以變成副
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