【正文】 情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，其后接的動詞需用原形，否定式是在情態(tài)動詞后加上 not. 一．當(dāng)我。 Eg： My father is arriving in England tomorrow. you joking? joke n. 笑話；玩笑 play a joke on sb make a joke of\about ab v. 開玩笑 Eg： It is impolite to play a joke on the old. 4. minus 減去 ，負(fù) , 零下 (溫度 ) Eg： Two minus one is one. The temperature is minus 3 degrees. 盡管；雖然 (although 與 but 不能連用 ) Eg： It isn’t warm today, although the sun is shining. 6. what’s the weather like (in sp)? Eg： What is the weather like in Jinhua today? It is cold today. 詢問天氣還可 以用 how is theweather (in sp)? weather 是不可數(shù)名詞，不可以用 a\an 修飾 well 也；還 (放句末 ) too 也 (放句末 ) also 也，而且 (放句中 ) 8. neither……nor…… 既不 …… 也不 ……( 兩者都不 ) either……or…… 或者 …… 或者 ……( 兩者之一 ) 這兩個短語在判斷主謂一致時遵循就近原則。當(dāng)分子是 1 時，分母用原形；當(dāng)分子大于 1 時，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而進位的讀法則為 thousand, million , billion 向上遞增。本模塊中，我們重點學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)字的讀法。 Tom can play volleyball . ② 名詞前已有指示代詞，物主代詞，不定代詞或數(shù)詞等作定語時名詞前不用冠詞 There are many books in her schoolbag. ③ 在某些固定短語或習(xí)慣用語中不用冠詞 by bus have breakfast at home at night 『注意』 :在某些短語中，名詞前用冠詞和不用冠詞的意義有所不同。 play the piano ⑩ 某些形容詞前加定冠詞 the ，表示一類人或物 。 the biggest city ⑧ 用于序數(shù)詞前。 the sun the moon ⑥ 用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式之前，表示 “一家人 ”或 “夫婦二人 ”。 The girl with long hair is my younger sister . ③ 指說話雙方都知道的人或物 I had to write the same report last term . ④ 用于專有名詞前。 have a good time have a look have a rest ● ① 指前文中提到過的人或物。 I watch TV once a week . ③ 首次提到的某人或某物，不定冠詞起介紹作用。 不定冠詞的常見用法有： ① 表示 “一個 ”的概念。冠詞有三種形式：不定冠詞（ a/an） , 定冠詞（ the）和零冠詞（ /）。 形容人口（ population）的多少用 big/ large 或 small 當(dāng) population 作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù) ●詢問某地有多少人口有兩種表達方法： 1． What’s the population of … 2. How large is the population of … 注意：詢問某地有多少人口時不用 how many 和 how much hundred\thousand\million\billion 等前有數(shù)字，用單數(shù)形式 three hundred hundred\thousand\million\billion 等后有 of，用復(fù)數(shù)形式 thousands of 2. noise (n.) 噪音 noisy(adj.) 吵鬧的 make noise 發(fā)出噪音 voice 指嗓音 (人說話或唱歌 ) sound 指一切聲音 3. prepare 準(zhǔn)備 prepare for 為 …… 做準(zhǔn)備 prepare to do sth 準(zhǔn)備去做某事 . Eg： They are preparing for the New Year. We prepare to go fishing next weekend. 11 / 58 4. report 報告；報道 make a report 做報告 reporter 記者，通訊員 notes 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 “筆記 隨筆 ” make notes 記筆記 5. such as \for example 例如，比如 too much+不可數(shù)名詞 much too+adj. 太 ……too many+ 可數(shù)名詞 Eg： I like fruit, such as apples, bananas. I have too much homework to do today. That dress is much too long for me. There are too many people in the shop on Sunday. 6. increase by+倍數(shù) \百分?jǐn)?shù) 增加了 …… to+具體增長后的數(shù)字 增加到 …… Eg： The number of teachers increased by twice. The population of the town increased to 50000. 7. be born in+年份 \地點 I was born in 1985. of+家庭 He was born of a rich family. 8. one fifth 五分之一 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達：分子在前，用基數(shù)詞；分母在后，用序數(shù)詞。 M9 Population 1. The population of China is about . Thepopulation of sp is……. 表示 sp 有多少人。 此外， when 還含有 “at the moment “的意思，此時引導(dǎo)的句子不能放在句首，也不能用 while 來替換 主謂一致判斷法 主謂一致是指在一個英語句子中，主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致，這種一 致性體現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系動詞 be 和助動詞 do, have 的人稱和數(shù)上，以及實義動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)上 1. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 2. 動名詞或動詞不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 3. Either…or… : neither…nor…: not only…but also…: 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞與鄰近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off. 3. 當(dāng)主從句的動作都是延續(xù)的或同時發(fā)生，主從句都用過去進行時的時候，從句多用 while 引導(dǎo)。 1. when 引導(dǎo)的從句可表示時間點，也可表示時間段，從句的位于動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是非延續(xù)性動詞； while 引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示時間段，從句中宜用延續(xù)性動詞作謂語。 Shandong lies in the east of China. 山東位于中國東部。 lie to sb 向 sb 撒謊 Eg： Don’t lie to me. ② 不及物動詞，意為 “位于 ”。 He was lying on the bed. lie 的其他用法： ① 不及物動詞，意為 “說謊 ”。 Eg： I know (that) you met him yesterday. He asked if I would e. I don’t understand what you say. He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. The teacher said that light travels faster than sound. M8 Accidents 1. on the phone 通過電話通話 (on 表示 “通過 ”) 2. look pale 看起來很蒼白 此處 look 作為半系動詞，后跟 adj. 常見的半系動詞有 taste\smell\sound\feel. Eg： The music sounds good. The food tastes delicious. The sofa feels fortable. 3. listen 聽 (強調(diào)聽的過程，后接賓語時需加 to,即 listen to……) hear 聽到 (強調(diào)聽到的結(jié)果，后接 do 或 doing) Eg： We should listen to the teachers carefully. I hear someone singing in the next room. (我聽到有人正在隔壁房間唱歌 ) I hear someone sing in the next room. (我聽到有人在隔壁房間唱歌 ) (v.) 出現(xiàn) → appearance(n.) disappear(v.) 消失 Eg： He suddenly disappeared in front of us. 5. hit 撞擊；打 Eg： The bus hits the bridge. He hits me on the head. 此外， hit 還可以作名詞，表示 “轟動一時的成功 ” Eg： His song made a hit. 6. be glad to do sth 很高興去做 sth Eg： I am glad to see you again. 7. in time 及時 on time 準(zhǔn)時，按時 Eg： I hope you can e back in time. Please hand in your homework on time. 8. fall off=fall down from 從 … 摔下來你 fall asleep 入睡 fall into 掉入 fall in love with sb 愛上某人 fall behind 落在 … 后面 9. the risk of …… 的風(fēng)險 side by side 肩并肩 pay attention to 注意 …… (to 是一個介詞，后接名詞或 doing Eg： We should pay more attention to developing economy. 10. sometimes 有時 some times 幾次；幾倍 sometime (將來或過去 )某個時候 some time 一段時間 Eg： He sometimes sends me an . Remember it some times, or you will fet it. Let’s have a party sometime next week. I will stay with you for some time. 11. try to do sth 試圖去做某事 try one’s best to do sth 盡某人全力去做某事 have a try 試一試 Eg ： The little boy tries to go across the road by himself. We should try our best to save the animals in danger. Do you have a try? 12. pick up 撿起，拾起 (代詞只能放中間，名詞放在中間或后面均可 ) pick sb up (開車 )接某人 pick sth up 學(xué)會某事 Eg： After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday. Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer. 13. call sb call up=ring up 打電話給 sb call on 拜