【正文】
proval from the relevant authorities, a limited liability pany is converted into a pany limited by shares, the total amount which shares are converted into shall be equivalent to the amount of the pany’s net assets.文中:★under the laws:依法,按照法律★a limited liability pany:有限責任公司★a pany limited by shares: 股份有限公司★be equivalent to : 相等,相當于★the amount of the pany’s net assets: 公司凈資產(chǎn)額原文則可譯為:有限責任公司依法經(jīng)批準變更為股份有限公司時,折合的股份總額應當相等于公司凈資產(chǎn)額。例:An irrevocable credit shall be deemed to constitute a definite under taking of the issuing bank. Provided that if the stipulated documents are presented and are plied with the terms, conditions and provisions of the credit, and if the credit provides for sight payment, the payment shall be made or shall be guaranteed to be made.文中:★provided that對信用證的承諾性作了進一步規(guī)定?!飐hall be deemed to constitute a definite undertaking of the issuing bank: 應被子認為構成開證行的確定承諾。(但規(guī)定)如提交了規(guī)定的單據(jù)并符合信用證條款,并系即期付款信用證時,則進行付款或保證該款的照付。 be liable to ( 應付有責任);in Testimony whereof: in Witness whereof (以此為證,特立此證); know all Men by these presents (根據(jù)本文件;特此宣布);undersigned: (法律文件末尾的簽名者,若前有定冠詞the,是指文件簽署者的自稱;now therefore, (特此;因此,一般與whereas 連用,其后邊常跟hereby. 譯成“茲”,“特此”)。認真研究句構,掌握其中的規(guī)律,無論是中譯英,還是英譯中,或是擬草條款,都能得心應手。國務院證券監(jiān)督管理機構根據(jù)需要可以設立派出機構,按照授權履行監(jiān)督管理職責。如:Where, through securities trading at a stock exchange, an investor es to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed pany, the investor shall, within three days from the date on which such share holding bees a fact, submit a written report to the Securities Regulatory Authorities under the State Council and the Stock Exchange, notify the listed pany and make the fact known to the public.這個句子較長,主要是由于插入的狀語、定語及狀語從句造成的,where引導的狀語從句中又插入了一個狀語短語,其位置就在連接詞where之后,從句主體句之前,即an investor 之前:這個詞組是修飾investor es to hold 的方式狀語,若把這個詞組放到從句之后,或主句之后都是產(chǎn)生歧義誤解的因素。3. 狀語從句的簡略形式在句中的位置狀語從句的簡略形式應插入主句,其位置等同于主句中狀語短語的位置。讀懂合同、法律文件是翻譯合同文件的基礎,以上所讀是筆者最近十幾年來的研究成果,可望與同行共習之。如The Borrower shall, if required, reimburse the Agent or the Bank in question the same amount of such taxes, duties, levies, penalties or interests as are paid by the Agent or the Bank.(如果代理行或任何銀行支付了任何上述稅款、罰金和利息,則借款人一經(jīng)要求即應如數(shù)補償代理行或該行。如此解讀后,句中的狀語短語及狀語從句都一目了然,句中各部分關系清晰明了。第二句中的where necessary, 以同樣的道理,設定在may 與establish之間。比如復合句,主句的狀語位置應放在shall之后,動詞之前,如:在講解hereto這個問題時舉的例句中,就有through amicable negotiations這個狀語短語插入到shall 與be settled之間,修飾be settled。三) 讀懂合同的法律文件的句子結構合同文件及其他法律文件中的英文句子具有結構嚴謹、句式較長的特點,這是為了使表達的內容準確、嚴密、清楚、易解(無歧意)而特別設定的句式。 in respect thereof (關于關于上文已提及的事項)。★The credit provides for sight payment:即期付款信用證。 be considered”正式。對合同的某一條款需要作進一步規(guī)定時或在作規(guī)定時語氣轉折時常用此詞組。注意:文中的買方或賣方,為合同的專門詞匯,都要大寫。按照1999年9月國際商會公布的《2000年國際貿易術語解釋通則》的規(guī)定,采用此術語,賣方將貨物在合同指定的裝運港裝到買方的船上,即完成交貨。原文可譯為:本條文適用于一切跟單信用證,并包括在其適用范圍內的備用信用證,對合同各有關方面均具有約束力,除非另有約定。比如:Pa