【正文】 atic viewpoint. 2. Features: Victorian literature, as a product of its age, naturally took on its quality of magnitude amp。 realistically the great changes that were going on in people’s life amp。 the most vital amp。 Utilitarianism amp。 strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems amp。 experiments are to witness their bumper harvest. The Chartist Movement （ 18361848） The English workers got themselves anized in big cities amp。 the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people. Utilitarianism Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happiness. This theory held a special appeal to the middleclass industrialists, whose greed drove them to exploiting workers to the utmost amp。 interests amp。 judgments about the speaker’s personality amp。 richness, there existed widespread poverty amp。 relative stability. The middleclass life of the time was characterized by prosperity, respectability amp。 discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology amp。霧都孤兒 2. David Copperfield。 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 《匹克威克外傳》 (18361837)。 The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》 ( 18401841)。 Martin Chuzzlewit 《馬丁 David Copperfield 《大衛(wèi) A Tale of Two Cities 《雙城記》 (1859)。德魯?shù)轮i》 (unfinished) (1870) Distinct Features of His Novels 1. Character Sketches amp。 right actions for the right person. 2. Broad Humor amp。 justice. Each of his novels reveals a specific social problem. 5. unnatural happy ending His Literary Creation amp。 a largescale criticism of the 19thcentury England, particularly London. A bination of optimism about people amp。 morals of the Victorian England, for example, Bleak House, Hard Times, Great Expectations amp。 pathos. William Makepeace Thackeray I. Life a. born in India。 ③ both criticized the Victorian society satirically. 2. differences: ① D described the mon people, T mainly described the lives of aristocrats and rich people. ② D was a sentimentalist. T was a cynic who doubted the goodness of human nature as a spectator. ③ D advocated social reforms, T was not a crusader for good causes. ④ D was a romanticist, T was against all romantic conventions. Gee eliot I. life 1. Gee Eliot (18191880), pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans, was born on Nov. 22, 1819 into an estate agent’ s family in Warwickshire, England. 2. Though brought up under strict religious influences, she early abandoned religious beliefs, adopted agnostic opinions about Christian doctrine, amp。 Silas Marner (1861), all drawn from her lifelong knowledge of English country life amp。 working constantly under the apprehension of failure or worthlessness. III. Achievements 1. Writing at the latter half of the 19th century amp。 sets into motion a variety of developments, leading in the direction of both the naturalistic amp。 psychological realism. theme of her works As a woman of exceptional intelligence amp。 realization of their goals, amp。 3. narration: two dramatic narrators (Mr. Lockwood, and Nelly Dean) IV. detailreading (268278) 1. content: Final meeting of Heathcliff and Catherine before Catherine’ s death 2. narrator: Nelly Dean 3. their love: passion, love, agony, horror 4. Catherine: a mon girl who met an unmon love. In her heart, the struggle between true love and tradition never ceased, and finally caused her early death. 5. theme : a. criticism upon the materialism and social discrimination. b. hatred and revenge are meaningless。 important novels of the Victorian age. 2. its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine. II. Point of view first person point of view III. Character (Jane Eyre) 1. a na239。 prophesy) 2. intensity of vision and passion 3. The vividness of her subjective narration, the intensely achieved characterization 4. vivid description of her intense feelings VI. Detailreading (Chapter XXIII) Jane finds herself hopelessly in love with Mr. Rochester but she is aware that her love is out of the question. So, when forced to confront Mr. Rochester, she desperately amp。 Elizabeth Barrett I. Life Legendary love, happy marriage II. E’ s Works From Sons from the Portuguese(p305) III. Features: 1. theme: love 2. Feature: reason amp。 actually give full swing to this genius, . the dramatic monologue. In 1846, Browning married Elizabeth Barrett, a famous poetess whose famous book of love poetry was Sons from the Portuguese. In 1869 Browing’ s masterpiece, The Ring amp。 critical realism。 he is at the mercy of indifferent forces which manipulate his behavior and his relations with others. John Galsworthy(18671933) I. life Born in a rich bourgeois family A representative of bourgeois realism in English novel of 20th century II. work 1. The Island Pharisees 島國(guó)的法利賽人 2. The Man of Property 有 產(chǎn)業(yè)的人 3. Forsyte Saga 福爾賽世家 4. The End of the Chapter 尾聲 III. Forsyte Saga(p352356) 1. powerful sweep 2. brilliant illustrations 3. deep psychological analysis 4. satire amp。 2. love。 How many loved your moments of glad grace, And loved your beauty with love false or true, But one man love d the pilgrim soul in you, And loved the sorrows of your changing face。 support the forces of revolution and democracy III. works (plays unpleasant) Widower’ s Houses 鰥夫的房產(chǎn) Major Barbara 巴巴拉少校 Heartbreak House 傷心之家 Mrs. Warren’ s Profession 華倫夫人的職業(yè) The Apple Cart 蘋(píng)果車(chē) IV. Mrs. Warren’ s Profession(p388) Keeping brothels V. S’ s ideology 1. He opposed the idea of “ art for art’ s sake” , maintaining that “ 。 socialist Movement。 4. age