【正文】 which renders his satire all the more powerful. Simplicity and Directness? Swift is always most unsurpassed in the writing. He defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.”Analysis? Swift is one of the greatest writers of satiric prose. No reader of his can escape being impressed by the great simplicity, directness and vigor of his style. ? Easy, clear, simple and concrete diction, unplicated syntax, economy and conciseness of language mark all his writings. Seldom is there ornament or singularity of any kind. His simplicities, more often than not, as a camouflage for insidious intentions, for big serious matters, and an outward earnestness, simplicity, innocence and an apparently cold impartial tone render his satire all the more powerful and effective. ? It is a book simple enough for a child, and yet plex enough to carry an adult beyond his depth. It is a satire on the 18th century English society, touching upon the political, religious, legal, military, scientific, philosophical as well as literary institutions, about almost every aspect of the society. Bitterly satirical, the book take great pains to bring to light the wickedness of the then English society, with its tyranny, its political intrigues and corruption, its aggressive wars and colonialism, its religious disputes and persecution, and its ruthless oppression and exploitation of the mon people. Some narrative features? The novel is a fantasy and a realistic work of fiction. The language, as is typical of all Swift’s works, is very simple, unadorned, straightforward and effective. It is noted for its exceptionally tidy structural arrangement. The four seemingly independent parts are linked up by the central idea of social satire and make up an organic whole. Some ments? While social exposure and satire of the book is generally acknowledged, there have been great controversies over its deeper intention, especially with Part Four, What sort of thing is man? This is certainly the central question to the book. Some people are shocked by its open blunt “negativeness” towards human beings, others feel satisfied with its religious implication that, man in his development from primitive forms of life, has achieved only a very limited rationality and morality.1. Gulliver39。C. three A. tiny inbabitants B. a person who likes mankind A. Gulliver39。 C. Gulliver39。s stories are based upon the reality of human life, while Swift39。 ? 流浪漢小說16世紀中葉，西班牙文壇上流行著一種獨特的小說。作品借主人公之口，抨擊時政，指陳流弊，言語竭盡嘲諷夸張之能事，使讀者在忍俊不禁之余，慨嘆世道的不平和人生的艱辛。它往往采取第一人稱，以自傳的形式描寫主人公的所見所聞，以人物流浪史的方式構(gòu)建小說，用幽默的風(fēng)格、簡潔流暢的語言廣泛反映當(dāng)時人的生活風(fēng)貌。小說以第一人稱敘述托梅斯河上的小拉撒路，由于家庭不幸，不得不給一個瞎子引路，從此開始流浪生涯。阿爾發(fā)拉切》、烏維達的《流浪女胡斯蒂娜》、克維多的《騙子手》等。 against swindlers騙子 and sharpers, for the children and women4. Newspapers:? The Spectator 《旁觀者》? The Theatre《劇院》 , a biweekly(半月刊)? The English 《英國人》Joseph Addison約瑟夫 he may be an individualist by choice, but he is likely to suffer from social injustice or at least misfortune. The first example of this type is Thomas Nashe’s Unfortunate Traveler, the others are Dofoe’s Moll Flanders, Fieding’s Janathan Wild the Great and so on. American novels:? The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnMark Twain 《哈克貝利? 《古斯曼比較典型的流浪漢小說——尤其是長篇一般都寫出主人公在社會上如何適應(yīng)、也即由清變濁的過程。? 所以，這種文學(xué)體裁也稱為“消極抗議文學(xué)”。但當(dāng)他們一旦脫離家庭、投入社會的懷抱，就感到無法適應(yīng)，干是為了活命、求得生存，不得不學(xué)著去阿諛、鉆營、撒謊、詐騙，他們中的不少人終于被社會同化，成為墮落者或狡詐無恥之徒。流氓；無賴 . ? 117世紀在西班牙流行的以流浪者的生活及遭遇為題材的小說，它對西班牙和歐洲其他國家的文學(xué)都有一定的影響。 D. Both A and B.比較 Defoe SwiftRobinson Crusoe Gulliver’s Travels is one of the realist writers. His realism is quite different from Defoe39。 B. Gulliver39。 D. a person who frightens mankind4. Which of the following statements best describes Gulliver39。 C. flying islands D. rational horses3. Some critics believe that Swift was a misanthrope. The word misanthrope means ______.B. twoA. one? deadly(非常有效的) irony。? simple, direct and precise prose。 projectors《格列佛游記》的作者Jonathan Swift發(fā)明了yahoo這個單詞。ɡ] where people are not only ten times taller and larger than ordinary human beings, but also superior in wisdom. Gulliver now found himself a dwarf among men sixth feet in height. The king, who regarded Europe as if it were an anthill蟻丘 . Part 3? The third part deals with mainly with his accidental visit to the flying Island, where the philosophers and projectors devote all their time and energy to the study of some absurd problems. Their scientists are engaged in projects for exacting sunbeams out of cucumbers [39。s Letters“(1724) and A Modest Proposal“(1730).Introduction to Gulliver’s Travels? Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan’s best fictional work, was published in 1726, under the title of Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, by Samuel Gulliver. The book contains four parts, each dealing with one particular voyage during which Gulliver meets with extraordinary adventures on some remote island after he has met with shipwreck of piracy [39。 Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff 《比克斯塔夫先生第一個預(yù)言的應(yīng)驗》? Jonathan Swift (16671745), wrote satires in verse and prose. He is bestknown for the extended prose work Gulliver39。 The Drapier’s Letter175。 C. autumn C. a lot of trees C. The Adventures of Roderick RandomC. Henry Fielding Christianity/ barbarous eating group) the center of Europe (歐洲中心論)Comment: Daniel Defoe? Defoe39。Limitation:? 1. inspiring and innovating, adventurous, colonial mind。 then overland from Spain toward England。 then Brazil。s deep concern for the poor in his society. They are the first literary works devoted to the study of the problems of the lowerclass people? A Joirnal of Plague Year 《大疫年日記》Key Points and Difficulties (重點與難點)◆ To understand Daniel Defoe’s artistic feature (笛福的藝術(shù)特征) ◆ Approaches to read novels (欣賞小說文本的方法) ◆ Characterization in Robinson Crusoe (羅賓遜中的人物刻畫) ◆ Multiple interpretations of theme in Robinson Crusoe (羅賓遜中主題的多維解讀)III. Artistic features◆ Defoe had a gift fo