【正文】 化鈦或碳化鉭的混合物以粉末形式沉積在鈷或鎳的基體上。這些鋼的化學(xué)成分差別很大，%碳和4%鉻，另外還有比例不一樣的鎢、釩、鉬和鈷。：才刀具歷史上，高碳鋼是最早用于工業(yè)上的刀具材料，但目前已幾乎全部被廢棄不用了，因為它在220176。刀尖采用圓弧過渡時，圓弧的尺寸可用弧半徑9來表示。由于刀具切削長度是沿著此切削刃的，因此，側(cè)切削刃角決定了切削力的分布。側(cè)后角能使刀具更平穩(wěn)的切入工件。在這種強(qiáng)況下，從斷后刀面刃磨部位下量出的角度（角度4）比端后角大。側(cè)共 14 頁 第 11 頁┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）報告紙前角也是一個重要的幾何角度，它能把切屑引向刀架的一側(cè)，并能使進(jìn)給更加容易。圖142所示各個角度定義如下：主視圖中的角度1為背前角，它是在垂直于刀具基面的縱向剖面內(nèi)的平行于刀柄的一條直線與刀面之間的夾角。我們即以此為例來討論刀具的幾何參數(shù)。本文向大家介紹刀具的幾何參數(shù)和刀具材料。主軸就是這樣通過齒輪傳動鏈驅(qū)動變速齒輪箱，在帶動絲杠和光杠，然后帶動拖板，刀具就可以按主軸的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)縱向地或橫向地精確移動。通過溜板箱前面的夾緊手柄可以使對開螺母緊緊包合絲杠。適當(dāng)?shù)碾x合器或者齒條小齒輪連接或者與橫拖板的螺桿連接，是拖板縱向移動或使橫拖板橫向移動。手輪的另一端與溜板箱背面的小齒輪連接，小齒輪與齒條嚙合，齒條倒裝在床身前上邊緣的下面。大多數(shù)車床的刀架安裝在復(fù)式刀座上，刀座上有底座，底座安裝在橫拖板上，可繞垂直軸和上刀架轉(zhuǎn)動。拖板組件用于安裝和移動切削工具。通過手輪和螺桿，尾座套筒可以在尾座體中縱向移入和移出幾英寸。尾座組件主要由三部分組成。很多大車床使用偏心夾或鍵動圓錐軸頭。主軸中有一個貫穿全長的通孔，長棒料可以通過該孔送料。大多數(shù)車床有8～18種轉(zhuǎn)速，一般按等比級數(shù)排列。大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代車床的導(dǎo)軌要進(jìn)行變面淬火處理，以減少磨損和擦傷，具有更大的耐磨性。一些制造廠生產(chǎn)的四個條導(dǎo)軌都采用倒“V”形，而另一些制造廠則將倒“V”形導(dǎo)軌和平面導(dǎo)軌相結(jié)合。圖151中標(biāo)出了車床的主要部件：床身、主軸箱組件、尾架組件、拖板組件、變速齒輪箱、絲杠和光杠。現(xiàn)代車床可以追溯到大約1797年，那時亨利車削很少在其他種類的機(jī)床上進(jìn)行，因為其他機(jī)床都不能像車床那樣方便地進(jìn)行車削加工。第一篇：畢業(yè)設(shè)計_英語論文翻譯┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）報告紙LATHESThe basic machines that are designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring are called little turning is done on other types of machine tools, and nine can do it with equal lathe can do boring, facing, drilling, and reaming in addition to turning, their versatility permits several operations to be performed with a single setup of the accounts for the fact that lathes of various types are more widely used in manufacturing than any other machine in various forms have existed for more than two thousand lathes date from about 1797, when Henry Maudsley developed one with a provided controlled, mechanical feed of the ingenious Englishman also developed a changegear system that could connect the motions of the spindle and leadscrew and thus enable threads to be essential ponents of a lathe are depicted in the block diagram of are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, carriage assembly, quickchange gear box, and the leadscrew and feed bed is the backbone of a is usually made of wellnormalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides a heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic ponents are sets of parallel, longitudinal ways, inner and outer, are contained on the bed, usually on the upper makers use an inverted Vshape for all four ways, whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat way in one or both several other ponents are mounted and/or move on the ways they must be made with precision to assure accuracy of , proper precaution should be taken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is ways on most modern lathes are surface hardened to offer greater resistance to wear and headstock is mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways at one end of the lathe provides a powered means of rotating the work at various consists, essentially, of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gearssimilar to a truck transmissionthrough which the spindle can be rotated at a number of lathes provide from eight to eighteen speeds, usually in a geometric ratio, and on modern lathes all the共 14 頁 第 1 頁┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）報告紙speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical the accuracy of a lathe is greatly dependent on the spindle, it is of heavy construction and mounted in heavy bearings, usually preloaded tapered roller or ball longitudinal hole extends through the spindle so that long bar stock can be fed through size of this hole is an important size dimension of a lathe because it determines the maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through the inner end of the spindle protrudes from the gear box and contains a means for mounting various types of chucks, face plates, and dog plates on small lathes often employ a threaded section to which the chucks are screwed, most large lathes utilize either camlock or keydrive taper provide a largediameter taper that assures the accurate alignment of the chuck, and a mechanism that permits the chuck or face plate to be locked or unlocked in position without the necessity of having to rotate these heavy is supplied to the spindle by means of an electric motor through a Vbelt or silentchain modern lathes have motors of from 5 to 15 horsepower to provide adequate power for carbide and ceramic tools at their high cutting tailstock assembly consists, essentially, of three lower casting fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide longitudinally thereon, with a means for clamping the entire assembly in any desired upper casting fits on the lower one and can be moved transversely upon it on some type of keyed transverse motion permits aligning the tailstock and headstock spindles and provides a method of turning third major ponent of the assembly is the tailstock is a hollow steel cylinder, usually about 2 to 3 inches in diameter, that can be moved several inches longitudinally in and out of the upper casting by means of a handwheel and open end of the quill hole terminates in a Morse taper in which a lathe center, or various tools such as drills, can be graduated scale, several inches in length, usually is engraved on the outside of the quill to aid in controlling its motion in and out of the upper locking device permits clamping the quill in any desired carriage assembly provides the means for mounting and moving cutting 共 14 頁 第 2 頁┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）報告紙carriage is a relatively flat Hshaped casting that rests and moves on the outer set of ways on the transverse bar of