【正文】 d scale, several inches in length, usually is engraved on the outside of the quill to aid in controlling its motion in and out of the upper locking device permits clamping the quill in any desired carriage assembly provides the means for mounting and moving cutting 共 14 頁 第 2 頁┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）報告紙carriage is a relatively flat Hshaped casting that rests and moves on the outer set of ways on the transverse bar of the carriage contains ways on which the cross slide is mounted and can be moved by means of a feed screw that is controlled by a small handwheel and a graduated the cross slide a means is provided for moving the lathe tool in the direction normal to the axis of rotation of the most lathes the tool post actually is mounted on a pound consists of a base, which is mounted on the cross slide so that it can be pivoted about a vertical axis, and an upper upper casting is mounted on ways on this base so that it can be moved back and forth and controlled by means of a short lead screw operated by a handwheel and a calibrated and powered motion for the carriage, and powered motion for the cross slide, is provided by mechanisms within the apron, attached to the front of the movement of the carriage along the bed is effected by turning a handwheel on the front of the apron, which is geared to a pinion on the back pinion engages a rack that is attached beneath the upper front edge of the bed in an inverted impart powered movement to the carriage and cross slide, a rotating feed rod is feed rod, which contains a keyway throughout most of its length, passes through the two reversing bevel pinions and is keyed to pinion can be brought into mesh with a mating bevel gear by means of the reversing lever on the front of the apron and thus provide “forward” or “reverse” power to the clutches connect either the rack pinion or the crossslide screw to provide longitudinal motion of the carriage or transverse motion of cross cutting threads, a second means of longitudinal drive is provided by a lead motion of the carriage when driven by the feedrod mechanism takes place through a friction clutch in which slippage is possible, motion through the lead screw is by a direct, mechanical connection between the apron and the lead is achieved by a split means of a clamping lever on the front of the apron, the split nut can be closed around the lead the split nut closed, the carriage is moved along the lead screw by direct drive without possibility of 14 頁 第 3 頁┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）報告紙Modern lathes have a quickchange gear input end of this gear box is driven from the lathe spindle by means of suitable output end of the gear box is connected to the feed rod and lead , through this gear train, leading from the spindle to the quickchange gear box, thence to the lead screw and feed rod, and then to the carriage, the cutting tool can be made to move a specific distance, either longitudinally or transversely, for each revolution of the typical lathe provides, through the feed rod, fortyeight feeds ranging from inch to inch per revolution of the spindle, and, through the lead screw, leads for cutting fortyeight different threads from to 92 per some older and some cheaper lathes, one or two gears in the gear train between the spindle and the change gear box must be changed in order to obtain a full range of threads and TOOLShape of cutting tools, particularly the angles, and tool material are very important purpose of this unit is to introduce the cutting tool geometry and tool Tool GeometryAngles determine greatly not only tool life but finish quality as principles upon which cutting tool angles are based do not depend on the particular , grinding wheel are being , however, the lathe(turning)tool, depicted in , might be easiest to visualize, its geometry is features have been identified by many technical literature is full of confusing in the attempt to clear up existing disorganized conceptions and nomenclature, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers published ASA Standard follows is based on singlepoint tool is a cutting tool having one face and one continuous cutting angles identified in are as follows:(1)Backrake angle,(2)Siderake angle,(3)Endrelief angle(4)Endrelief angle(5)Siderelief angle(6)Endcuttingedge angle,(7)Sidecuttingedge angle,(8)Nose angle,(9)Nose angle 1, on front view, is the backrake is the angle between the tool face and a line parallel to the base of the shank in a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the tool this angle is downward from front to rear of the cutting edge, the rake id positive。兩千多年前就已經(jīng)有了車床。通常在床身上那個面有內(nèi)外另組平行的導(dǎo)軌。它基本上有一個安裝在精密軸承中的空心主軸和一系列變速齒輪——類似于卡車變速箱所組成，通過變速齒輪，主軸可以在許多種轉(zhuǎn)速下旋轉(zhuǎn)。而小型的車共 14 頁 第 9 頁┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）報告紙床常有螺紋截面供安裝卡盤之用。尾座組件的第三部分是尾座套筒，它是一個直徑通常在2～3英寸之間的鋼制空心圓柱軸。橫拖板可以帶動刀具垂直于工件的旋轉(zhuǎn)軸線切削。通過溜板箱前的換向手柄可使嚙合齒輪與其中的一個錐齒輪嚙合，為大拖板提供“向前”或“向后”的動力。齒輪箱的輸出端與光杠和絲杠連接。車刀、銑刀、鉆頭甚至是砂輪的設(shè)計，所要考慮的因素基本相同。角度2為側(cè)前角，它是刀具前刀面在垂直于刀具基面的橫向剖面內(nèi)的傾斜角。角度5表示側(cè)后角，它是端切削刃下面的側(cè)后刀面與通過切削刃并垂直于刀具基面的直線之間的夾角。角度8為刀尖角，它是兩條切削刃之間的夾角。：為克服普通碳素鋼切削速度較低的特點，本世紀(jì)初，幾種稱為高速鋼的合金鋼開始用于金屬切削。硬質(zhì)合金刀具在高溫時具有高硬度，故它們的切削速度比高速鋼高得多，切削低碳鋼時為3～4m/s(600800ft/min),它們有幾種牌號專用于大多數(shù)加工場合。陶瓷刀具是戰(zhàn)后出現(xiàn)的，還沒有在工廠里得到普遍應(yīng)用。金剛石用銅焊焊接在碳鋼刀柄上。s take a closer look at each of these key features.(1)Subjectoriented: A data warehouse is organized around major subjects, such as customer, vendor, product, and than concentrating on the daytoday operations and transaction processing of an organization, a data warehouse focuses on the modeling and analysis of data for decision , data warehouses typically provide a simple and concise view around particular subject issues by excluding data that are not useful in the decision support process.(2)Integrated: A data warehouse is usually constructed by integra