【正文】 puritans caused them to seek for freedom, independence and democracy in the new land, America. Therefore, immigrants of Europe brought their new thinking, which formed after the Reformation to America, and in this new land, this kind of new thinking began to develop to democracy and individualism. Future more, the appearance of individualism has nothing to do with somebody or something but with the development of capitalism country, and the rule of Bourgeois morality。 you are you。 never imitate. Your own gift you can present every moment with the cumulative force of a whole life’s cultivation。 the other is to be knocked out. Even though individualism would be in some changes, it is still in effect. That is the situation of individualism nowadays. It is in the process of being newly defined. Second is the most important. In democratic country, the spirit of individualism not only be accepted but also be legalized. So an illusion also has been made, that is individualism seems to be outofdate. If a modern democratic society were without individualism, how could it go on with its development? Individualism is in every walk of people’s life. Romanticism is the individualism in emotion。只有真正認(rèn)識(shí)、理解了個(gè)人主義 的精髓 ，才能從根本上消除中國(guó)人對(duì)個(gè)人主義產(chǎn)生的誤讀以及對(duì)個(gè)人主義錯(cuò)誤的運(yùn)用。 美國(guó)人認(rèn)為個(gè)人主義是一種個(gè)性，而中國(guó)人則認(rèn)為它代表的就是自私 。產(chǎn)生這種差異的根本原因 在 于中美兩 國(guó)不同的文化背景。在此之后，也就可以將個(gè)人主義中積極合理的一面應(yīng)用到中國(guó)社會(huì)的發(fā)展中，并以此來(lái)完善和發(fā)展自己。 Liberalism is the individualism in thoughts。 but of the adopted talent of another, you have only an extemporaneous, half possession. 5 That which each can do best, none but his Maker can teach him. No man yet knows what it is, nor can, till that person has exhibited it. (Emerson, 42) “It is only as a man puts off all foreign support, and stands alone, that I see him to be strong and to prevail.”(Emerson, 46) At last he concluded that, “Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you peace but the triumph of principles.”(Emerson, 48) Above all, individualism is a product of social development, and it is a cultural phenomenon. There is no right or wrong should be printed on individualism, on the other hand, its essence should be analyzed objectively. Besides, individualism should not be branded with selfish and egoism since its positive effect on the development of Chinese society. As a new developing socialist country, the development in China has beyond the imagination of all over the world and now China plays an important role in the world and it may achieve more in the the ability of start a new way to develop itself, China achieved a great success in construction. Right Acknowledgements of the Individualism To have a right recognition towards individualism, at first, one should realize its essence correctly. There are tow implications in individualism. First is positive, that is one has an ability to struggle for himself。 I am not you and you are not I. meanwhile, they also 6 emphasize on independence and selfreliance. What they are proud of is the achievement that gained by oneself but not through the help that given by other people. Therefore, in American people’s eyes, individualism is worth being proud of and it brands with the characteristic of American culture. Second is negative, refers to one is insatiable of profits。 the reflection of private ownership of the means of production in people’ awareness and a kind of cultural phenomenon. The Affection of Individualism on American Society During the prosperous development of capitalism, individualism played a very important role in fighting against Feudal asceticism, Autocracy and religious rule. Therefore, in America, individualism developed to a quite active direction, and showed a positive influence. In the process of transplant form Europe to America, individualism also pletes the transformation from negative to positive。 he said that American people treat individualism 13 not as a shorting but a perfect moral. It stands for creativity, innovative, a spirit of proactive and a proud of never yield to the authority. To some extent, American people are proud of individualism and they agree with individualism. They believe in the dignity and the sanctity of the individual. Any action that interfere the individual is not moral but also blaspheming the God. So it can be said that the highest ideal of America and the most valuable world attitude is individualism. For the Americans, to give up individualism means to abandon their profound identity. Under the putational economic system, American enterprises always take advantage of layoffs to keep the pany to tide over the difficulties. Some think it is the performance of individualism, but on the other hand, they sacrificed the interests of individual in order to keep their collective . their pany, in a good condition, so that more staffs could keep their interests. From that point of view, in America, individualism bines with collectivism. No matter what kind of criticism the others give to individualism, American people still hold their faith, and worship their unique culture of individualism. 4. Individualism in China The Recognitions of Individualism in China Individualism in China is quite different from it in America. If individualism in America emphasizes on the specific individual behavior, it emphasizes on spiritual individual in China. In traditional Chinese culture, individualism has never existed. However, it does not mean individualism 14 cannot be analyzed by Chinese culture, and there are no cultural origins of individualism in Chinese culture. In early Confucianism, “gentlemen seek harmony but not uniformity” has already had something to do with individualism. This kind of thinking especially emphasizes on freeing oneself from mental which really influences the rising of pastoral poetry in ancient times. It advocates giving up the