【正文】 f ，土地所有者。: acknowledge or admit(a fault, wrongdoing, etc)供認(rèn)，坦白，勉強(qiáng)承認(rèn)。(of a person’s temper, etc)aquable,，扁平的，心平氣和的。: the breaking of divine or moral ，罪孽，過失。: sex between a married person and who is not her/his 。: a priest of the church of 。: the head of the Roman Catholic church.（天主教的）教皇。: wanting sth that sb else ，羨慕的。: not liking change。: to go somewhere secretly trying to avoid being ，溜。: a public official who charges sb with a crime and tries to show that he/she is guilty in a court of ，檢察官，原告。: a legal argument in a court of law that and not between two people or groups and not between the police and a 。 back to: 追溯到。s words and deeds all under his surveillance, the time which mutually supports in this king place and the sacrificial altar, is person which wields great power with great three people constitute “ Three heads politic ”, reflected the restoration influence the aspect which you the city arrogated all powers to oneself in their opposite, is a large number, has the huge economic potentiality aggressive bourgeoisie free party describes to the people guarantees king party member39。believe only what I have seen for , happiness, fame, all is upon it.” Futurity call it realism creation France, Stendhal was the first litterateur to reveal corruption of the bourgeoisie through novel marks the beginning of Gide said that The Red and the Black was a novel ahead of its time, that it was a novel for readers in the twentieth Stendhal’s time, prose novels included dialogue and omniscient narrator descriptions。s 19th century main characters strike me as real, and quite is a typical adolescent/ young adult: Idealistic, searching and unsure of me, it is amazing to what how the world interacts with and alters his is equally reminds me of a flighty alternative girl, looking for a dream of simmering MME de Renal is a wonderful, believable woman, falling in love late in life, victim of the missing husband people today, Stedhal39。是感動(dòng)，也是激動(dòng)和難忘，書中人物性格各異，但是每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都能深入讀者的心靈，讓讀者的心境也融入到書中情節(jié)中去。于連所生活的時(shí)代正是法國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)、小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)與封建復(fù)辟勢(shì)力進(jìn)行殊死較量、嚴(yán)酷斗爭(zhēng)的年代。在《紅與黑》中，作者緊密聯(lián)系具體而典型的環(huán)境（維里埃爾的家、雷納爾市長(zhǎng)家、貝尚松神學(xué)院和拉莫爾侯爵府）描寫人物性格，揭露了復(fù)辟王朝時(shí)期的腐敗、黑暗以及貴族和平民之間的尖銳矛盾，為于連性格的滋生、發(fā)展、完成也提供了強(qiáng)有力的環(huán)境依據(jù)。他在家中經(jīng)常受父兄的打罵，幾次想離家出走，表現(xiàn)出對(duì)獨(dú)立人格的渴望。雖然于連的心里一直瞧不起這樣的人，但是他始終覺得需要忍耐，總有一天會(huì)飛黃騰達(dá)，維里埃爾市長(zhǎng)只不過是他成功的一個(gè)踏板而已。他看到主教的豐厚收入，便想到當(dāng)教士，于是背誦《圣經(jīng)》，愿到神學(xué)院去，忍氣吞聲地想適應(yīng)那里的生活。神學(xué)院是社會(huì)的另一個(gè)縮影，它像監(jiān)獄一樣陰森可怕。他覺得自從自己來到神學(xué)院后，他的行為只不過是一連串的虛假表演而已。拉莫爾侯爵府是上層社會(huì)的寫照，這里是巴黎上流社會(huì)的活動(dòng)中心之一，也是“陰謀和偽善的中心”。斯丹達(dá)爾將主人公于連置于這種充滿尖銳復(fù)雜的社會(huì)環(huán)境里，讓他在矛盾沖突的漩渦里不斷經(jīng)受錘煉，于連的反抗性格在這種環(huán)境中也隨之逐漸發(fā)展，直至最后，一個(gè)對(duì)罪惡社會(huì)的叛逆者的典型形象，便凸現(xiàn)在人們的面前了。這種手法的首要特征是削減物質(zhì)世界的干擾盡量，寫得簡(jiǎn)潔，運(yùn)用大段的內(nèi)心獨(dú)白和細(xì)致的心理分析方法。她滿腦子想著埃莉莎和于連，想著他們婚后家庭的幸福。想到自己有一種責(zé)任要履行，想到如果達(dá)不到目的，他就會(huì)成為人們的笑柄，或者更確切地說，會(huì)使自己產(chǎn)生自卑感，他心中原有的歡樂，頃刻間便消失得無(wú)影無(wú)蹤了。又如，于連收到瑪?shù)贍柕录s他半夜來的信時(shí)的心理活動(dòng)。心理獨(dú)白正是在這個(gè)意義上成為現(xiàn)代小說的基本技巧之一。小說前面出現(xiàn)過的人物多重新出現(xiàn)，使情節(jié)首尾相連，人物和情節(jié)成為有機(jī)整體。雷納爾夫人曾經(jīng)向我描繪過的一樣”。其中，除卻維立葉大教堂和拉莫爾侯爵府那兩個(gè)預(yù)言性場(chǎng)面外，我覺得還有兩處。他羨慕它的這種力量，也羨慕它的這種孤獨(dú)。于連就被這一建議打亂心境了，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己像赫丘利一樣，只不過他不是身處善與惡之間，而是處于舒適安逸的平庸生活與青年時(shí)代的英雄夢(mèng)想之間。最后，《紅與黑》語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔、精確。不論是寫環(huán)境，還是人物的外貌和心理，都精確得當(dāng)，體現(xiàn)不一樣的背景和特色。他自語(yǔ)著，而那種疑慮使他最為痛苦，“既然我害怕掙得面包的八年光陰會(huì)消蝕我成就非凡事業(yè)的崇高毅力，看來我不是塊造就偉人的材料啊”。還有一處是于連從富凱那離開去到他的小巖洞。他走上山上的樹林中，站在一塊巨大的懸?guī)r上，凝視著茫茫蒼穹。我想，這份感情其實(shí)于連自己也沒有意識(shí)到吧。在這種回憶性的片斷中，我們不僅感受了于連內(nèi)心對(duì)雷納爾夫人的愛和回憶，也將于連內(nèi)心對(duì)瑪?shù)贍柕碌膹?fù)雜情感表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。作者以于連的生活史為主線，以他兩次戀愛的成敗為推動(dòng)情節(jié)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵，用單線發(fā)展的方法，選擇維里埃爾市，貝尚松神學(xué)院、巴黎侯爵府三個(gè)典型場(chǎng)景，由遠(yuǎn)及近，由小及大，由低到高，把復(fù)辟時(shí)代廣闊的社會(huì)生活和復(fù)雜的政治斗爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)集中地反映了出來。作者或讓作品里的人物自己