【正文】 le’s Republic of China(PRC)滿族 Manchu 蒙古人Mongol 士大夫 scholarofficials 學(xué)者 scholar 詩人 poet 政治家statesman社會地位social status北京有無數(shù)的胡同(hutong)。the Yellow Mountain 故宮 the Imperial Palace 天壇 the Temple of Heaven 午門 Meridian Gate 大運(yùn)河 Grand Canal 護(hù)城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸關(guān)Juyongguan Pass 九龍壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黃帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake 九寨溝Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布達(dá)拉宮Potala Palace 鼓樓 drum tower 四合院 quadrangle。china唐三彩 tricolor glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰藍(lán)cloisonne秋千swing武術(shù) martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu莊子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孫子Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四寶(筆墨紙觀)the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《大學(xué)》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《論語》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孫子兵法》The Art of War 《三國演義》Three Kingdoms 《西游爺己》Journey to the West 《紅樓夢》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水滸傳》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海經(jīng)》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《資治通鑒》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史記》Historical Records 《詩經(jīng)》The Book of Songs 《易經(jīng)》The I Ching。The Book of Changes 《禮記》The Book of Rites 《三字經(jīng)》Threecharacter Scriptures 八股文 eightpart essay 五言絕句 fivecharacter quatrain 七言律詩 sevencharacter octave 旗袍 cheongsam 中山裝 Chinese tunic suit 唐裝 Tang suit 風(fēng)水Fengshui。courtyard plex 孔廟 Confucius Temple 樂山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha 十八羅漢 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛L(fēng)ama 轉(zhuǎn)世靈重 reincarnated soul boy 中藥 traditional Chinese medicine 《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》Emperor Huangdi’s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine 《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》Shennong’s Herbal Classic 《本草綱目》Compendium of MateriaMedica 針灸 acupuncture 推拿 medical massage 切脈 feeling the pulse 五禽戲 fiveanimal exercises 舊石器時代 the Paleolithic Age 新石器時代 the Neolithic Age。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。如今，隨著社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同被新的高樓大廈所取代。：翻譯為full of friendliness and genuine humanity。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。春節(jié)是中國的農(nóng)歷新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常見的家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如鉸子和年糕。：“滿月”即fMlmoon,此處的“觀賞”可以譯為viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。在與印度和中東（the Middle East）的交流中，在他們的促進(jìn)下，唐朝在許多領(lǐng)域里得到了長足的發(fā)展。Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many Tang period was the golden age of literature and by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian the middle of the eighth century ., the power of Tang Dynasty began to 。即使是無意中讓別人沒面子，也是極其嚴(yán)重的冒犯（dishonor），可能意味著斷絕關(guān)系。喝茶聊天是中國人中最流行的大發(fā)時間的方式。Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among the past, they would start the day with a visit to a wellknown teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English e here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have furious political ，55%的中國青年認(rèn)為自己對生活缺乏熱情，71%的人認(rèn)為他們承受著巨大的壓力。傳統(tǒng)的日本繪畫可能算是例外，但是不要忘了，它是深受中國文化影響的。Passage Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of art, a school that, in style and techniques is widely different from any other art school in the Japanese art may be the only exception, but it has to be remembered that it has been heavily influenced by the Chinese Chinese do paintings with brushes, dipping their brushes in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding produce on the paper pictures with lines and dotssome heavy, and some light, and some deep, and some the hands of a good painter, brushes and ink are not only tools for drawing pictures, but also the symbol of his or her artistic （solar terms）的劃分起源于黃河流域一帶（Yellow River area），是中國古代歷法（calendar）特有的重要組成部分和獨(dú)特創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息中心（CNNIC）的統(tǒng)計，截止到 2004年6月30日，中國上網(wǎng)用戶總數(shù)達(dá)到8,700萬人，其中多數(shù)是年輕人。它是一門傳統(tǒng)工藝，有各種樣式，廣泛分布于中國的各個地區(qū)。它代表了中國人民的智慧。京劇是中國最有影響力的戲曲，在社會各階層中都有廣大愛好者。不同于西方人那種每人一盤事物的飲食習(xí)慣，在中國，菜肴是被放在桌上讓大家共同分享的。這是禮貌的體現(xiàn)Passage are great differences between Chinese and Western eating the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or is a sign of (Teahorse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著20多個少數(shù)民族。儒學(xué)(Confucianism)，這個道德和 宗教哲學(xué)的大系統(tǒng)建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教學(xué)上。不同的服裝類型反映不同的人物身份特征。臉譜的顏色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫、騷站(post house),古橋和木板路，還有少數(shù)民族舞蹈和民族服裝。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八 種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。一個四合院有園林包圍著四個房子，有高高的圍墻保護(hù)。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侶練習(xí)的，他們的職責(zé)是保護(hù)寺廟。鑼(gong)鼓按照節(jié)奏敲打?？曜涌雌饋砗芎唵危挥袃筛〖?xì)棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑選，移動，夾，攪拌或 者挖。As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging。后來 “扇汗”變成了由薄但是結(jié)實(shí)的絲綢或者鳥的羽毛做成的長柄扇，稱為中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的儀仗(honour guard)裝飾。目前世界上 40 多個國家種植茶，其中亞 洲國家的產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的 90%。這條 古道從長安開始，經(jīng)過河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到達(dá)敦煌后分成三條：南部路線，中部 路線和北部路線。大城市如北京，廣州和上海是現(xiàn)代的，相對富裕的。一般來說，南部和東部沿海地區(qū)比內(nèi)陸地區(qū)更富有，西部和北部，以及西南部是非常不發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)。貿(mào)易糾紛(trade dispute)也越來越多，主要是關(guān)于傾銷(dumping)、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和人民幣的估價。學(xué)生和老師有大約三個月的寒暑假。Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever created by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most allow people to buy things they，otherwise, couldn’t afford，with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher interest rates than normal , credit cards have bee an essential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth in : 根據(jù)全國老齡工作委員會(the China National Committee On Aging)的數(shù)據(jù)來看，到 2053 年，中國 60 歲及以上的老人數(shù)量預(yù)計 會從目前的 億一躍變?yōu)? 億，或者說是占