土木工程抗側(cè)向荷載的結(jié)構(gòu)體系英文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文-wenkub
2022-12-04 07:23:14 本頁面
【正文】 of highrise buildings for exc essively plex thoughts. Indeed, the better high rise buildings carry the universal traits of simplicity of thought and clarity of expression It does not follow that there is no room for grand thoughts. Indeed, it is with such grand thoughts that the new family of high rise buildings has evolved. Perhaps more important, the new concepts of but a few years ago have bee monplace in today’ s technology. Omitting some concepts that are related strictly to the materials of construction, the most monly used structural systems used in high rise buildings can be categorized as follows: 1. Momentresisting frames. 2. Braced frames, including eccentrically braced frames. 3. Shear walls, including steel plate shear walls. 4. Tubeintube structures. 5. Tubeintube structures. 6. Coreinteractive structures. 7. Cellular or bundledtube systems. Particularly with the recent trend toward more plex forms, but in response also to the need for increased stiffness to resist the forces from wind and earthquake, most highrise buildin gs have structural systems built up of binations of frames, braced bents, shear walls, and related systems. Further, for the taller buildings, the majorities are posed of interactive elements in three dimensional arrays. The method of bining these elements is the very essence of the design process for high rise buildings. These binations need evolve in response to environmental, functional, and cost considerations so as to provide efficient structures that provoke the architectural development t o new heights. This is not to say that imaginative structural design can create great architecture. To the contrary, many examples of fine architecture have been created with only moderate support from the structural engineer, while only fine structure, no t great architecture, can be developed without the genius and the leadership of a talented architect. In any event, the best of both is needed to formulate a truly extraordinary design of a high rise building. While prehensive discussions of these seven systems are generally available in the literature, further discussion is warranted here .The essence of the design process is distributed throughout the discussion. MomentResisting Frames Perhaps the most monly used system in low to mediumrise build ings, the momentresisting frame, is characterized by linear horizontal and vertical members connected essentially rigidly at their joints. Such frames are used as a stand alone system or in bination with other systems so as to provide the needed resist ance to horizontal loads. In the taller of high rise buildings, the system is likely to be found inappropriate for a stand alone system, this because of the difficulty in mobilizing sufficient stiffness under lateral forces. Analysis can be acplished by STRESS, STRUDL, or a host of other appropriate puter programs。 these columns are per haps 15% stiffer as they follow the elastic curve of the braced core. Note also that the axial forces associated with the lateral forces in the inner columns change from tension to pression over the height of the tube, with the inflection point at about 5/8 of the height of the tube. The outer columns, of course, carry the same axial force under lateral load for the full height of the columns because the columns because the shear stiffness of the system is close to zero. The space st ructures of outrigger girders or trusses, that connect the inner tube to the outer tube, are located often at several levels in the building. The ATamp。實(shí)際上，正是因?yàn)橛辛诉@種宏觀的構(gòu)思，新奇的高層建筑體系才得以發(fā)展，
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