【正文】 想法和問題，而不是人 ? In brainstorming, no idea is wrong ? 進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴，所有的主意都是好主意 ? Respect for participants do not interrupt speaker ? 尊重參與者，不要打斷別人的發(fā)言 ? Everyone Participates ? 人人參與 7/7/98 169。A JCI Manufacturing Series Training Program JCI制造培訓(xùn)系列 Lean Thinking in Process Mapping 工藝流程計(jì)劃中的精藝思維 Quest 7/7/98 169。 Johnson Controls, Inc. Quest Why Map A Business Process? 為什么要有業(yè)務(wù)流程？ ? Need a “ snapshot in time” ? 需要“及時(shí)的簡單印象” ? Cannot measure improvement without a baseline ? 沒有基準(zhǔn)久無法衡量改善 ? Quantitative and qualitative measureables ? 衡量要定性定量 ? If you’ re not continuously improving, the petition is catching up! ? 如果你不能做到持續(xù)改善，競爭就會隨之而來！ ? Benchmarking is not enough. ? 基準(zhǔn)是不夠的 ? The true petitor is perfection. ? 真正的競爭者是完美的 7/7/98 169。 Johnson Controls, Inc. Quest Lean Process Mapping Overview 精藝流程圖大概 1) Process map the “ asis” state of the process 對工藝流程建立“如果－那么”圖 2) Do the process walkthrough: document the 7 Types of Waste found in each process step 工藝預(yù)演：對每個(gè)工藝找出 7種浪費(fèi) 3) Perform a “ gap analysis” and “ value/nonvalue added analysis 建立“差距分析”和“增值 /不增值”分析 4) Process map the “ shouldbe” state of the process 對工藝流程建立“應(yīng)該”圖 5) Verify the performance of the “ shouldbe” process 驗(yàn)證“應(yīng)該”工藝流程圖的執(zhí)行情況 7/7/98 169。任務(wù)，資源，工藝步驟之間的關(guān)系相互之間用箭頭連接。 ? Elapsed time is the amount of calendar time in which the process stays in the box while the task is pleted. 總計(jì)時(shí)間是當(dāng)任務(wù)完成時(shí)所用的總時(shí)間。 Johnson Controls, Inc. Quest Lean Process Map Example 精藝工藝圖舉例 T i m e l i neR es ou r cesC o n t ra c t o rM a n a g e m e n tC o n d u c tP re l i m i n a ryD e s i g n R e v i e w(1 d a y / 1 0 d a y s )T e s t(7 d a y s / 7 d a y s )U p d a t e D e s i g n(2 d a y s / 2 0 d a y s )D a y 2 4 0 D a y 3 4 2T h i s p ro c e s s re p e a t e d 3 t i m e sR e s p o n d t oC o rre c t i v e A c t i o nI t e m s(1 d a y / 4 d a y s )T ask s執(zhí)行者 時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn) 相關(guān)的基本設(shè)計(jì)回顧 驗(yàn)證 更新設(shè)計(jì) 開始糾正行動 管理 工藝被重復(fù) 3次 240天 342天 7/7/98 169。 ? In a lean business process, a process adds value when it fundamentally changes the nature of the item or document it acts upon. For example, creating a blueprint adds value to the process of product design. ? 在業(yè)務(wù)流程中，當(dāng)工藝根本改變了項(xiàng)目或者更新了文件時(shí)才是增值的。 OR 或者 ? “ Necessary” waste any step that does not add value but is required due to external factors, . customer requirement, legal, environmental, technological, resource constraint, etc. ? 必要的浪費(fèi)－任何不增值的，但根據(jù)外界因素的要求必須被要求完成的步驟，諸如：客戶要求，法律規(guī)定，環(huán)保要求，技術(shù)性要求，資源限制等。 Johnson Controls, Inc. Quest The 8 Kinds of Waste 8種浪費(fèi) ? All of the waste (“ pure” or “ necessary) in a process can be classified as one of 8 types: ? 所有在工藝中的浪費(fèi)（不必的＆必須的）可以被分為 8種 – Overproduction 過量生產(chǎn) – Waiting 等待 – Transportation 運(yùn)輸 – Overprocessing 過度加工 – Inventory 庫存 – Motion 動作 – Rework 返工 – People Utilization 人員的利用 7/7/98 169。 Johnson Controls, Inc. Quest The Waste of Overprocessing 過度加工的浪費(fèi) ? Defined:定義 – Any activity performed upon the item that is not required by the process or customer – 對產(chǎn)品的加工超過了正常加工的要求或是客戶的要求 ? Examples:例子 – Reformatting data for multiple report formats – 對多格式的報(bào)告重定數(shù)據(jù)格式 – Studies that are not needed, more detail than is necessary or required to solve a problem – 學(xué)習(xí)資料過于詳細(xì)，超過了解決問題所需要的知識點(diǎn) – Including extra data in a report – 在報(bào)告中包括了額外的不必要數(shù)據(jù) – Measuring extra dimensions on a drawing – 在圖紙上測量了多余的尺寸 7/7/98 169。 Johnson Controls, Inc. Quest The Waste of Resource Utilization 資源使用的浪費(fèi) ? Defined:定義 – Not acting upon the good ideas of employees, not incorporating labor saving devices or systems when feasible – 對員工沒有合理使用，沒有在完全可行的情況下沒有利用人的資源來節(jié)省設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)的使用。 – If “ necessary” , can this task reduced or bined with another task? 如果是必要的浪費(fèi)，那么這個(gè)工藝步驟能被簡化或和別的工藝合并嗎？ 7/7/98 169