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d efficiently supervised by a manager. ?Width of span affected by: ?Skills and abilities of the manager ?Employee characteristics ?Characteristics of the work being done ?Similarity of tasks ?Complexity of tasks ?Physical proximity of subordinates ?Standardization of tasks 10 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Organizational Structure ? Work Specialization ?The degree to which tasks in the anization are divided into separate jobs with each step pleted by a different person. ?Overspecialization can result in human diseconomies from boredom, fatigue, stress, poor quality, increased absenteeism, and higher turnover. 6 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Defining Organizational Structure ? Discuss the traditional and contemporary view of work specialization. ? Describe each of the five forms of departmentalization. ? Explain crossfunctional teams. ? Differentiate chain of mand, authority, responsibility, and unity of mand. ? Discuss the traditional and contemporary views of chain of mand. ? Discuss the traditional and contemporary views of span of control. 2 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Defining Organizational Structure (cont’d) ? Tell what factors influence the amount of centralization and decentralization. ? Explain how formalization is used in anizational design. Organizational Design Decisions ? Contrast mechanistic and anic anizations. ? Explain the relationship between strategy and structure. ? Tell how anizational size affects anizational design. ? Discuss Woodward’s findings in the relationship of technology and structure. ? Explain how environmental uncertainty affect anizational design. 3 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Departmentalization by Type ? Functional ? Grouping jobs by functions performed ? Product ? Grouping jobs by product line ? Geographic ? Grouping jobs on the basis of territory or geogra