【正文】
sation and perception ? 消費(fèi)者學(xué)習(xí)與記憶 Consumer learning and memory ? 消費(fèi)者動(dòng)機(jī)與需要 Consumer motivation and needs ? 消費(fèi)者情緒與情感過(guò)程 Consumer feelings and affective processes 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 3 引例:視覺(jué)營(yíng)銷 (?) ) 2023/2/4 MA GUO, CEBA, TEACHING NOTES OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 4 MM的視覺(jué)營(yíng)銷 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 5 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 6 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 7 消費(fèi)者的感知覺(jué) Consumer sensation and perception ? Consumer sensation ? 感覺(jué)的定義 Definition of sensation ? 感覺(jué)是由感覺(jué)器官的刺激作用引起的主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn),或者說(shuō)是人腦對(duì)直接作用于感覺(jué)器官的客觀外界對(duì)象和現(xiàn)象的個(gè)別屬性的反應(yīng)。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 10 感、知覺(jué)過(guò)程的示意圖 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 暴露 11 暴露 注意 解釋 感覺(jué)刺激 感受器 視覺(jué) 聲音 氣味 味道 質(zhì)感 眼 耳 鼻 口 皮膚 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 12 圖 31分析器 傳入神經(jīng) 傳出神經(jīng) 刺激 ? 感知是人類對(duì)客觀世界認(rèn)知的起點(diǎn)和基礎(chǔ)Sensation is the starting and the base of human beings to perceive the objective world. ? 。 ? Marketers rely on visionary factors a lot for advertising, storefront design and packaging. They use colors, specifications and patterns to deliver the meanings that they want to express. 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 15 ? 顏色還能更直接地影響我們的情感。 Color has important role in Inter Design 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 16 聽(tīng)覺(jué) Sense of Hearing ? 聲音的各種特性都影響著人們的感覺(jué)和行為。 People’s some reactions to smell are caused by earlier time associations. They can be good or bad feelings that is the reason marketers study the relations between smell, memory and mood. 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 18 ? 隨著科學(xué)家繼續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)氣味對(duì)行為影響的巨大效果, 營(yíng)銷者們也正在跟進(jìn)采用靈活的方式來(lái)發(fā)掘這種聯(lián)系。 ? 人們常將紡織物和其他物品表面的質(zhì)地與產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量相聯(lián)系 People often associate quality of textiles and other goods to their surface texture. 。 ? 絕對(duì)閾限(刺激量) —— 剛剛能引起感覺(jué)的最小刺激量。 * 達(dá)到被辨識(shí)水平所需的變化量并不是一個(gè)絕對(duì)值, 而是與初始的刺激強(qiáng)度相關(guān)聯(lián)的。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 26 ? 感覺(jué)閾限在營(yíng)銷上的應(yīng)用:Application of Sensory threshold in marketing ? 企業(yè)進(jìn)行負(fù)面的改變不易被消費(fèi)者察覺(jué)。少于差別閾限值是浪費(fèi), 因?yàn)檫@種改進(jìn)不會(huì)被察覺(jué);超過(guò)差別閾限太多也是浪費(fèi),因?yàn)檫@會(huì)減少重復(fù)銷售量。但甲乙店主并不知曉 )。 ? 落入閾限之外的刺激被稱為閾下刺激。 ? 對(duì)比感覺(jué) The contrasting of sensation ? 同一感覺(jué)器官在接受不同刺激時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生感覺(jué)的對(duì)比現(xiàn)象。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 34 知覺(jué)過(guò)程的示意圖 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 暴露 35 暴露 注意 解釋 感覺(jué)刺激 感受器 視覺(jué) 聲音 氣味 味道 質(zhì)感 眼 耳 鼻 口 皮膚 ? 知覺(jué)的特征 Natures of perception : ? 知覺(jué)的主觀性 ? 消費(fèi)者在知覺(jué)事物的過(guò)程中,經(jīng)常是把知覺(jué)和觀察到的客觀事實(shí)與他們本人的自我想象, 猜測(cè)及其一定看法、態(tài)度和偏好等混淆在一起。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 37 ? Association of perception 知覺(jué)的關(guān)聯(lián)性 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及營(yíng)銷意義 ? Understanding of perception知覺(jué)的理解性和整體性 ? 人們?cè)诟兄陀^對(duì)象時(shí),能夠根據(jù)以前已獲得的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)去理解他們。 ? 運(yùn)動(dòng)知覺(jué) Movement perception ? 是對(duì)物體的空間位移和移動(dòng)速度的知覺(jué)。 ? 擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)者被動(dòng)接觸刺激物的機(jī)會(huì)。 ? 消費(fèi)者個(gè)體因素 Consumer individual factors 動(dòng)機(jī)、態(tài)度、適應(yīng)性水平。 ? 周邊環(huán)境因素。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 62 ?學(xué)習(xí)是個(gè)體獲得知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),并將它們用于日后有關(guān)的行為潛能或行為中的過(guò)程。通過(guò)相伴的重復(fù),這個(gè)中性刺激就具備了導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)的能力。 (不自覺(jué)地) ?實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,條件反射不是天生的一種反應(yīng),而是后天習(xí)得的行為。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 70 Classical Conditioning Relations 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 71 Unconditioned/Secondary Stimulus Unconditioned Response Pairing conditioned Stimulus conditioned Response 愉快的刺激 好感 好感 Classical Conditioning Relations 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 72 Unconditioned/Secondary Stimulus Unconditioned Response Pairing conditioned Stimulus conditioned Response 品牌 好感 產(chǎn)品 好感 2)操作性條件反射 Operant conditioning ? 操作條件反射( operant conditioning reflex )是美國(guó)心理家斯金納發(fā)現(xiàn)的與經(jīng)典條件反射不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式。這種由結(jié)果控制的行為稱為操作性行為( operant behavier)。按壓杠桿的行為可因停止供應(yīng)食物而逐漸消退。 OC is the process in which the frequency of occurrence of a bit of behavior is modified by the consequences of the behavior. ? 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可導(dǎo)致某種行為的重復(fù)發(fā)生。是一種心理現(xiàn)象。 Played actions 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 79 記憶 —— 思考過(guò)的問(wèn)題 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 80 記憶 —— 感知過(guò)的事物 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 81 世紀(jì)之吻 —— 永恒的記憶 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 82 世紀(jì)之吻 —— 定格了一起走過(guò)的日子 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 83 ? 學(xué)習(xí)與記憶的關(guān)系:相輔相存 ? The relationship between learning and memory: plement each other ? 學(xué)習(xí)側(cè)重于知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的獲取,記憶側(cè)重于知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的保持和取用。 ? Nothing can be remembered without learning, while without memory, learning is meaningless. 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 84 2)記憶的過(guò)程 The process of memory ? 記憶的過(guò)程分為三個(gè)階段: Three stages of memory process ? 識(shí)記:指信息的獲?。ㄏ喈?dāng)于學(xué)習(xí))。 Longterm memory 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 86 記憶的規(guī)律 ( 1)艾賓浩斯記憶曲線: Ebhihaus (18501909) Curve 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 87 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Minute of maintain of memory(%) 20m 60 m 9 h 1 day ……………. 31days 時(shí)間間隔 保持記憶的百分?jǐn)?shù) % %31天 %20分鐘 %1小時(shí) %2天 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 88 注意 復(fù)述 記憶的三個(gè)系統(tǒng)示意圖 信息 感官 圖 31記憶系統(tǒng)示意圖 Fetting 即使進(jìn)入人們長(zhǎng)期記憶的信息也可能被遺忘,且特別不容易恢復(fù)提取。 . . . are the methods of handling information which may operate consciously or unconsciously to influence the encoding, placement, and retrieva