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thesis statement. Sample ? Topic: Confucius39。s education today. 2. Outlining ? An outline is the framework of a research paper. The outline will help you anize your ideas and put your material in good order. ? a topic outline, in which all the parts of your paper are laid out in short phrases. ? a sentence outline, in which all points of your paper are expressed in plete sentences. Unit 4 Writing the First Draft ? Goals ? When writing your paper, learn to 1. use your own words, 2. use the proper tenses, 3. unite facts and views, 4. pay attention to logic and anization, 5. make your tone objective rather than personal, and 6. choose the right style. 1. Using your own words ? The basic principle is that the paper must be yours ─ your ideas, your anization, and for the most part, your own words 2. Using the proper tenses ? 1) When you are dealing with an event or a concept of the past, the past tense should be your basic tense. ? Sample 1 ? Confucius often encouraged his disciples to express their own ideas so that they would form the habit of active thinking. When a student was too timid to express his ideas, the Master urged him on in a most friendly manner, and did not mand him with the severity of an oldstyle Chinese teacher. 2) Biographical details of a person39。s greatest achievement, and one of the great short novels written by an American. 5) When you quote from an authority, the reporting verb can also be in the present tense. ? Sample 5 ? Sinclair Lewis (1885─ 1951), the first American Nobel Prize winner for literature says that Dreiser... more than any other man, marching alone, usually unappreciated, often hated, has cleared the trail from Victorian and Howellsian timidity and gentility in the American fiction to honesty, boldness and passion of life. 3. Uniting facts and views ? a good paper is marked by the unity of facts and views. Your paper is not good if it just expresses a lot of views, even good ones, without strong supporting facts. ? Your paper is not good either if the facts, even interesting ones, in it do not support your view or views. 4. Paying attention to logic and anization ? Views should be developed logically and facts should be used to support your views at the right